The accuracy of self-monitoring and its relationship to self-focused attention in dysphoria and clinical depression.

The accuracy with which dysphoric (Study 1) and clinically depressed (Study 2) individuals make self-regulatory judgments about their own performance in the absence of external feedback and the extent to which this relates to trait self-focused attention (SFA) were examined. Relative to objective criteria, both dysphoric and depressed participants showed a positive judgment bias, overestimating the number of trials they had performed correctly. Relative to control participants, the dysphoric and depressed groups showed a reduction in the extent of this positive bias in that they judged error trials more accurately and correct trials less accurately. Although the dysphoric and depressed groups both reported elevated trait SFA, this did not correlate significantly with accuracy of self-judgment on the performance-monitoring task. Implications for self-regulation models of depression are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Applicant reactions to face-to-face and technology-mediated interviews: A field investigation.

This field study examined applicant reactions (N = 802) toward face-to-face as compared with technology-mediated interviews (through videoconferencing or by telephone) for 346 organizations. Face-to-face interviews were perceived as more fair and led to higher job acceptance intentions than were videoconferencing and telephone interviews. Perceived interview outcomes were higher with face-to-face and telephone interviews over videoconferencing. Self-monitoring moderated the relationship between interview medium and perceptions of fairness. Specifically, this relationship was (a) positive for face-to-face, (b) negative for telephone, and (c) nonsignificant for videoconferencing interviews. Moreover, the number of offers an applicant received moderated the relationship between interview medium over, and perceived fairness. The relationship between number of offers and perceived fairness was positive for face-to-face and negative for technology-mediated interviews. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Golden Touch by Light: A Finely Engineered Luminogen Empowering High Photoactivatable and Photodynamic Efficiency for Cancer Phototheranostics

Photoactivatable agent is a powerful tool in biomedicine studies due to high-precision spatiotemporal control of light. However, those previously reported agents generally suffer from short wavelength, fluorescence self-quenching effect, and the lack of photosensitizing property, which severely restrict their practical applications. To address these issues, molecular engineering of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives is conducted to obtain an optimized agent, namely TPA-DHPy-Py, which exhibits low oxidation potential, high photoactivation efficiency, and excellent type I/II combined photodynamic activity. Concurrently, its photoactivated counterpart is featured by aggregation-induced near-infrared emission and remarkable reactive oxygen species (ROS) production efficiency. Upon photoactivation, TPA-DHPy-Py is capable of precisely identifying cancer cells from co-culturing cancer cells and normal cells without the assistance of any extra targeting units, and in situ monitoring lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum alteration under ROS stress, as well as achieving fluorescent visualization of tumor in vivo with supremely high imaging contrast. Furthermore, the unprecedented performance on photodynamic cancer therapy is demonstrated by the significant inhibition of tumor growth. Therefore, the photoactivatable TPA-DHPy-Py with dual-organelle-targeted and excellent photodynamic activity associated with self-monitoring ability is highly promising for cancer theranostics in clinical trials.     

Self-Monitoring, Activity Levels, and Mood in the Development and Maintenance of Depression.

The reactive effect on mood of self-monitoring pleasant and unpleasant events was assessed. Forty-five females spent 28 days monitoring in one of four conditions: (a) pleasant events, (b) unpleasant events, (c) both, and (d) no monitoring. Motor activity level (pedometer recordings) and mood were also assessed daily. Class of event monitored was not found to influence mood. Correlations between mood and both pleasant and unpleasant events were found even with activity level partialed out. Implications for self-monitoring assessment in depression therapy programs and for models of depression are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality and emotional performance: Extraversion, neuroticism, and self-monitoring.

Using an experimental design, the authors linked personality to performance on two emotional regulation tasks requiring the expression of either anger or enthusiasm. Across tasks, self-monitoring was associated with effective emotional performance. High self-monitors reported less stress and more deep acting than low self-monitors and did not experience elevated heart rate during emotional performance. The authors also examined affective traits, positing that emotional regulation would be less stressful for individuals who were asked to perform personality congruent emotions. As expected, individuals high on extraversion experienced elevated heart rates when asked to express personality incongruent emotions (i.e., anger). However, the association between extraversion and emotional performance was not significantly different for the two types of emotional regulation (anger and enthusiasm). Neuroticism was associated with increased heart rate and poor performance in both tasks. Overall, these data provide partial support for our personality congruency hypotheses and suggest that personality plays an important role in effective emotional performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

电子装备技术状态自动监测与可靠性分析系统

介绍了电子装备技术状态自动监测与可靠性分析系统的组成、主要功能、技术指标、特点和实现方法,以及应用情况和前景.     

Confidence and cognitive test performance.

This article examines the nature of confidence in relation to abilities, personality, and metacognition. Confidence scores were collected during the administration of Reading and Listening sections of the Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet-Based Test (TOEFL iBT) to 824 native speakers of English. Those confidence scores were correlated with performance accuracy scores from the TOEFL iBT and SAT, high school grade point averages (HS-GPA), and measures of personality and metacognition. The results of factor analyses indicate that confidence is a separate psychological trait, somewhere between ability and personality. The findings also suggest that confidence is related to, but separate from, metacognition. Gender and ethnic differences in confidence are also reported, with men and African Americans showing higher overconfidence bias than women and Whites or Hispanics, respectively. Finally, the data show small incremental validity of the confidence scores above and beyond the accuracy scores in predicting performance on the TOEFL iBT as a whole, the Writing and Speaking sections of the TOEFL iBT, and a test of numeracy. Confidence does not show incremental validity for the SAT and HS-GPA. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

具有自监视技术的广域测控网络研究与实现

提出了针对测控网络本身的自监视技术。在分析了自监视技术难点的基础上,以BO2000气体分析仪无线监控系统为例,阐述了具有自监视技术的广域测控网络的具体实现。通过采用自监视技术,用户不仅可以看到被监控设备的数据,而且对测控网络本身的工作状态一目了然,从而提高测控系统的可靠性、可信性和控制安全性。     

Self-monitoring application of asphalt concrete containing graphite and carbon fibers

The self-monitoring application of asphalt concrete containing graphite and carbon fibers using indirect tensile test and wheel rolling test were introduced. The experiment results indicate that this kind of pitch-based composite is effective for strain/stress self-monitoring. In the indirect tensile test, for a completely conductive asphalt concrete specimen, the piezoresistivity was very weak and slightly positive, which meant the resistivity increase with the increment of tensile strain at all stress/strain amplitudes, with the gage factor as high as 6. The strain self-sensing ability was superior in the case of higher graphite content. However, when the conductive concrete was embedded into common asphalt concrete specimen as a partial structure function, the piezoresistivity was positive at all stress/strain amplitudes and with the gage factor of 13, which was much higher than that of completely conductive specimen. Thus, the strain self-sensing ability was superior when conductive asphalt concrete was taken in as a partial structure function. In the wheel-rolling test, the piezoresistivity was highly positive. At any stress amplitude, the piezoresistivity was strong, with the gage factor as high as 100, which was higher for a stress amplitude of 0.7 MPa than that of 0.5 MPa.     

Self-Monitoring in Writing by Chinese students

The technique of self-monitoring is an effective approach which gives students control over the feedback they receive and enables teachers to provide effective feedback. The advantages of self-monitoring and its suitability in teaching writing in China will be analyzed in details.