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1.
Software is a central component in the modern world and vastly affects the environment’s sustainability. The demand for energy and resource requirements is rising when producing hardware and software units. Literature study reveals that many studies focused on green hardware; however, limited efforts were made in the greenness of software products. Green software products are necessary to solve the issues and problems related to the long-term use of software, especially from a sustainability perspective. Without a proper mechanism for measuring the greenness of a particular software product executed in a specific environment, the mentioned benefits will not be attained. Currently, there are not enough works to address this problem, and the green status of software products is uncertain and unsure. This paper aims to identify the green measurements based on sustainable dimensions in a software product. The second objective is to reveal the relationships between the elements and measurements through empirical study. The study is conducted in two phases. The first phase is the theoretical phase, where the main components, measurements and practices that influence the sustainability of a software product are identified. The second phase is the empirical study that involved 103 respondents in Malaysia investigating current practices of green software in the industrial environment and further identifying the main sustainability dimensions and measurements and their impact on achieving green software products. This study has revealed seven green measurements of software product: Productivity, Usability, Cost Reduction, Employee Support, Energy Efficiency, Resource Efficiency and Tool Support. The relationships are statistically significant, with a significance level of less than 0.01 (p = 0.000). Thus, the hypothesised relationships were all accepted. The contributions of this study revolve around the research perspectives of the measurements to attain a green software product.  相似文献   
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In practical applications of structural health monitoring technology, a large number of distributed sensors are usually adopted to monitor the big dimension structures and different kinds of damage. The monitored structures are usually divided into different sub-structures and monitored by different sensor sets. Under this situation, how to manage the distributed sensor set and fuse different methods to obtain a fast and accurate evaluation result is an important problem to be addressed deeply. In the paper, a multi-agent fusion and coordination system is presented to deal with the damage identification for the strain distribution and joint failure in the large structure. Firstly, the monitoring system is adopted to distributedly monitor two kinds of damages, and it self-judges whether the static load happens in the monitored sub-region, and focuses on the static load on the sub-region boundary to obtain the sensor network information with blackboard model. Then, the improved contract net protocol is used to dynamically distribute the damage evaluation module for monitoring two kinds of damage uninterruptedly. Lastly, a reliable assessment for the whole structure is given by combing various heterogeneous classifiers strengths with voting-based fusion. The proposed multi-agent system is illustrated through a large aerospace aluminum plate structure experiment. The result shows that the method can significantly improve the monitoring performance for the large-scale structure.  相似文献   
4.
为研究钢管套筒灌浆连接轴向受拉破坏过程及破坏机理,试验中设计了16组48个钢管套筒灌浆连接试件,试件采用钢板代替圆钢管,并进行静载试验。分析了灌浆料裂缝扩展过程、荷载-相对位移曲线,并对抗剪键高距比、灌浆料厚度、侧向力等因素对破坏过程及承载力的影响进行分析。结果表明:对于不设置抗剪键的套筒灌浆连接试件,斜裂缝随机产生,裂缝分布不均匀;对于设置抗剪键的套筒灌浆连接试件,裂缝首先出现在底部抗剪键位置处,与水平方向夹角约为30°,随后在中部和上部抗剪键位置处分别出现斜裂缝。由于每个抗剪键上荷载分担并不均匀,与抗剪键接触的灌浆料逐渐达到极限压应力,达到极限状态时,承载力全部由抗剪键间的机械咬合力承担,在连接承载力中,可忽略摩擦力和胶结力作用。随着抗剪键高距比h/s增大,各试件初始剪切刚度相差不大,承载力增大,但增幅逐渐减小,建议抗剪键高距比0.06g/s>0.3,同时需要满足灌浆料灌注的施工要求。  相似文献   
5.
刘影  孙凤丽  郭栋  张泽奇  杨隽 《测控技术》2020,39(12):111-115
针对软件缺陷预测时缺陷数据集中存在的类别分布不平衡问题,结合上采样算法SMOTE与Edited Nearest Neighbor (ENN) 数据清洗策略,提出了一种基于启发式BP神经网络算法的软件缺陷预测模型。模型中采用上采样算法SMOTE增加少数类样本以改善项目中的数据不平衡状况,并针对采样后数据噪声问题进行ENN数据清洗,结合基于启发式学习的模拟退火算法改进四层BP神经网络后建立分类预测模型,在AEEEM数据库上使用交叉验证对提出的方案进行性能评估,结果表明所提出的算法能够有效提高模型在预测类不平衡数据时的分类准确度。  相似文献   
6.
ABSTRACT

Health self-management technology has the potential to significantly improve the Quality of Life of patients suffering from chronic diseases. However, designing the technology involves numerous highly context-dependent design decisions. In this paper, we analyse a case study of self-monitoring technology in the field of congestive heart failure. We analyse the design process of the technology from the perspective of design trade-offs. Three important trade-offs related to health self-monitoring technology are described in detail, related to patient autonomy, technology appropriation, and patient well-being. For each of the trade-offs, various mediating factors that influence design decisions are described in detail. On a practical level, this analysis can inform future developments in self-management technology. In addition, this design trade-off analysis provides intermediary knowledge that can contribute to a better theoretical understanding of health self-management technology.  相似文献   
7.
This paper deals with three-dimensional non-linear finite element analyses to assess the structural behavior of adhesively-bonded double supported tee joint of laminated FRP composites having embedded interfacial failures. The onset of interfacial failures is predicted by using Tsai–Wu coupled stress failure criterion with pre-determined stress values. The concept of fracture mechanics principle is utilized to study the sustainability of the tee joint having interfacial failures pre-existed at the critical locations. Individual modes of the strain energy release rates (SERR) GI, GII and GIII, are considered as the damage growth parameters and, are evaluated using the Modified crack closure integral (MCCI) technique based on the concept of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Based on the stress analyses, it has been observed that the interfacial failures in tee joint structure trigger at the interface of base plate and adhesive layer from both ends of base plate. Depending on the SERR magnitudes, it has been noticed that the interfacial failure propagates under mixed mode condition. Therefore total SERR (GT) is considered as the governing parameter for damage propagation. Furthermore, efforts have been made to retard damage propagation rate by employing functionally graded adhesive (FGA) instead of monolithic adhesive material. Series of numerical simulations have been performed for varied interfacial failure length in functionally graded adhesively bonded double supported tee joint structure in order to achieve the significant effect of FGA with various modulus ratios on SERR. Material gradation of adhesive indicates significant SERR reduction at the incipient stage of failure which necessitates the use of functionally graded adhesive for the tee joint and prolong the service life of the structure.  相似文献   
8.
ContextEnterprise software systems (e.g., enterprise resource planning software) are often deployed in different contexts (e.g., different organizations or different business units or branches of one organization). However, even though organizations, business units or branches have the same or similar business goals, they may differ in how they achieve these goals. Thus, many enterprise software systems are subject to variability and adapted depending on the context in which they are used.ObjectiveOur goal is to provide a snapshot of variability in large scale enterprise software systems. We aim at understanding the types of variability that occur in large industrial enterprise software systems. Furthermore, we aim at identifying how variability is handled in such systems.MethodWe performed an exploratory case study in two large software organizations, involving two large enterprise software systems. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis. Data were analyzed following a grounded theory approach.ResultsWe identified seven types of variability (e.g., functionality, infrastructure) and eight mechanisms to handle variability (e.g., add-ons, code switches).ConclusionsWe provide generic types for classifying variability in enterprise software systems, and reusable mechanisms for handling such variability. Some variability types and handling mechanisms for enterprise software systems found in the real world extend existing concepts and theories. Others confirm findings from previous research literature on variability in software in general and are therefore not specific to enterprise software systems. Our findings also offer a theoretical foundation for describing variability handling in practice. Future work needs to provide more evaluations of the theoretical foundations, and refine variability handling mechanisms into more detailed practices.  相似文献   
9.
In this paper, an adaptive control approach is designed for compensating the faults in the actuators of chaotic systems and maintaining the acceptable system stability. We propose a state‐feedback model reference adaptive control scheme for unknown chaotic multi‐input systems. Only the dimensions of the chaotic systems are required to be known. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, new adaptive control laws are synthesized to accommodate actuator failures and system nonlinearities. An illustrative example is studied. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the design method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
10.
The mechanical integrity of battery separators is critical for battery safety and durability. A comprehensive study of strain‐rate‐dependent tensile and puncture properties of a polypropylene lithium‐ion battery separator is presented here with a new model. Due to anisotropy of the polymeric membrane, tensile testing was conducted for different directions. Results showed that tensile strength and elastic modulus were increased 1000% and 500%, respectively, for different directions. It was also demonstrated that tensile strength changed 10 to 25% with strain rate (1.67 × 10?4 to 1.67 × 10?1 s?1) for different directions. An equation was obtained for the first time for flow stress versus strain rate at varied tensile directions with respect to machine direction. Moreover, puncture testing was performed and it was shown that puncture strength was increased 140% with increasing strain rate from 0.25 to 250 mm min?1. Two failure modes were also observed in puncture samples. Finally, Eyring's model was used to calculate activation enthalpy of the porous polypropylene separator. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   
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