电转化法转化钝顶螺旋藻转化条件的研究

确定了电转化法转化钝项螺旋藻S6-4的转化条件。无论受体是藻丝还是单细胞／藻丝段，钝项螺旋藻S6-4在对数生长期内，半致死电场强度无显著差别。实验表明以对数中期的螺旋藻用于转化为宜。当脉冲时间是5．0ms时，藻丝受体和单细胞／藻丝段受体的半致死电场强度分别是3．75—5．0kV／cm和3．1—4．4kV／cm，而电击缓冲液分别是1．0mmol／L HEPES(pH7．5)缓冲液和含有0．5mol／L蔗糖的1．0mmol／L HEP—ES(pH7．5)缓冲液。本文的研究结果为螺旋藻转化及外源基因表达提供了实验基础。     

Fabricating Strong and Stiff Bioplastics from Whole Spirulina Cells

Since the 1950s, 8.3 billion tonnes (Bt) of virgin plastics have been produced, of which around 5 Bt have accumulated as waste in oceans and other natural environments, posing severe threats to entire ecosystems. The need for sustainable bio-based alternatives to traditional petroleum-derived plastics is evident. Bioplastics produced from unprocessed biological materials have thus far suffered from heterogeneous and non-cohesive morphologies, which lead to weak mechanical properties and lack of processability, hindering their industrial integration. Here, a fast, simple, and scalable process is presented to transform raw microalgae into a self-bonded, recyclable, and backyard-compostable bioplastic with attractive mechanical properties surpassing those of other biobased plastics such as thermoplastic starch. Upon hot-pressing, the abundant and photosynthetic algae spirulina forms cohesive bioplastics with flexural modulus and strength in the range 3–5 GPa and 25.5–57 MPa, respectively, depending on pre-processing conditions and the addition of nanofillers. The machinability of these bioplastics, along with self-extinguishing properties, make them promising candidates for consumer plastics. Mechanical recycling and fast biodegradation in soil are demonstrated as end-of-life options. Finally, the environmental impacts are discussed in terms of global warming potential, highlighting the benefits of using a carbon-negative feedstock such as spirulina to fabricate plastics.     

螺旋藻基因工程研究(I)--几种抗生素对钝顶螺旋藻的抑制效应

了建立螺旋藻外源基因表达体系，首先必须选择螺旋藻抗性基因。本实验选用三种抗生素进行敏感性研究，实验结果表明：螺旋藻对这三种抗生素的敏感性有明显差异，它们对螺旋藻生长的抑制作用依次为：氯雷素＞链霉素＞氨苄青霉素。氯霉素对螺旋藻生长的抑制作用与氯霉素的浓度和作用时间呈正相关。600mg/L氯霉素处理48h就对螺旋藻有明显的致死作用，致死率分别为：48h为17。51％、144h为68．67％；400mg/L的氯霉素：48h至死率为1．96％、144h为49．76％；200mg/L以下低浓度的氯霉素对螺旋藻的抑制作用需要较长时间，144h才具有明显的致死作用，致死率为19．24％。     

Influence of pressurised cryogenic nitrogen technology on Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) preservation during storage

In this study, preservation of spirulina using the new pressurised cryogenic nitrogen technology (PCN) was compared to classical methods used in laboratories and industry. Spirulina morphology was better preserved by PCN compared to unpressurised cryogeny and classical freezing at −20 °C that led to cells fragmentation. A 25% loss of Phycocyanin-C content against 60% were measured after 98 days storage for 6-Bar PCN process and frozen samples, respectively. The Total AntiOxidant Power (PAOT Liquid Technology^®) was used for determination of total antioxidant and oxidant power of spirulina extracts. PAOT value of PCN samples was 50% higher than the frozen sample. From ABTS measurements on PCN spirulina fractions sonicated or not, it was suggested that pressurisation at 6 bars allowed a better preservation of free antioxidants (outside the cells) due to replacement of oxygen by nitrogen in the frozen beads. After dehydration, phycocyanin-C content variation during storage at 20 °C and 33% RH showed higher loss for freeze-dried spirulina treated at 0 compared to 6 Bars.     

螺旋藻多糖提取新工艺的研究

提取螺旋藻多糖的传统工艺存在着流程长,操作复杂,有机溶剂消耗大等问题。采用三氯乙酸（ＴＣＡ）法代替Ｓｅｖａｇ法去除蛋白质,使改进后的提取工艺中蛋白质去除率增加,多糖损失率降低,流程缩短。通过用ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｐｅｈａｒｏｓｅ和Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ－Ｇ５０柱的分离纯化得到２个多糖组分。经测定,其相对分子质量分别为Ｍｒ１＝１２６００,Ｍｒ２＝１６６００。组分１的单糖组成：Ｄ－葡萄糖、Ｄ－甘露糖、Ｄ－半乳糖和葡萄糖醛酸;组分２的单糖组成：Ｄ－葡萄糖、Ｄ－木糖、Ｌ－鼠李糖和葡萄糖醛酸。     

甘肃中部干旱区苦荞营养及强化螺旋藻挂面工艺研究

分析了甘肃中部干旱区苦荞粉营养成分,探讨了以螺旋藻粉强化苦荞挂面配方工艺,解决了苦荞面筋度差,难以加工成形的技术难题。加工而成的苦荞螺旋藻挂面营养更丰富均衡,药理调理作用更明显,是糖尿病病人的理想食品。     

钝顶螺旋藻提取物对细菌群体感应的抑制作用

以mini-Tn5突变株Chromobacterium violaceum CV026为报告菌检测系统,研究钝顶螺旋藻甲醇提取物的群体感应抑制活性及对大菱鲆腐败菌Shewanella putrefacens生物膜形成的影响。结果表明:螺旋藻75%甲醇提取物(0.125～1.000g/100mL)不仅能显著降低Chromobacterium violaceum CV026细菌紫色菌素的产生,而且能显著抑制外源信号分子N-已酰化高丝氨酸内酯(10μmol/L C6-HSL)诱导的报告菌紫色菌素的增加。当螺旋藻提取物添加质量浓度为1.000g/100mL时,对报告菌紫色菌素的抑制率达87.67%,对Shewanella putrefacens生物膜的形成抑制率达77.05%,与对照差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。抑菌实验表明,在给定的质量浓度范围内,螺旋藻提取物对报告菌的生长无显著影响;螺旋藻提取物抑制紫色色素的产生与生物膜的形成不是通过抑制细菌的生长来实现的,而与抑制信号分子诱导的群体感应现象有关;螺旋藻提取物具有较强的细菌群体感应抑制活性,可作为细菌群体感应抑制剂用于新鲜食品及其制品的贮藏与保鲜。     

3种不同二氧化硅对螺旋藻片可压性的影响

目的研究不同二氧化硅对螺旋藻片可压性的影响,选出最适合制备螺旋藻片的二氧化硅。方法以硬度、脆碎度和主压力为主要评价指标,关联工序总混、包衣的工艺顺应性作为辅助评价指标,分别采用沉淀法二氧化硅、凝胶法二氧化硅和气相法二氧化硅制备螺旋藻片,对比分析螺旋藻片的可压性,确认螺旋藻片的质量参数。结果二氧化硅对螺旋藻片的可压性是:沉淀法二氧化硅气相法二氧化硅凝胶法二氧化硅,沉淀法二氧化硅不符合螺旋藻片的工艺要求,气相法二氧化硅分散性较差。结论螺旋藻片中优先使用凝胶法二氧化硅,其可压性最佳。     

干燥条件对螺旋藻产品质量的影响

应用化学分析方法,初步考察了干燥温度及干燥时间对钝顶螺旋藻体内主要活性成份粗蛋白、叶绿素、b -胡萝卜素的影响,确定了实验室条件下螺旋藻干燥的适宜条件,为进一步确定利用流化床干燥螺旋藻的工艺条件及设备的设计提供了实验依据.