La1-xNdxB6单晶的制备及热电子发射性能

以LaB_6和NdB_6粉末为原料,采用区域熔炼法成功制备了大尺寸、高质量的多元稀土六硼化物La_(1-x)Nd_xB_6(x=0.1~0.3)单晶,并测试了该系列单晶(100)晶面的热电子发射性能。本实验制备的单晶长度大于40mm,直径大于4mm。单晶衍射、劳埃照片、晶面摇摆曲线、单晶断口扫描等检测结果表明单晶质量较高,热发射测试结果表明在1 873K、4 000V下,单晶零场电流发射密度随着Nd含量增加从6.01A/cm~2降为4.83A/cm~2,有效逸出功从2.88eV增大到2.95eV。     

Parametric study on the thermoelectric conversion performance of a concentrated solar‐driven thermionic‐thermoelectric hybrid generator

A concentrated solar‐driven thermionic‐thermoelectric hybrid generator composed of solar heat collector, thermionic generator (TIG), thermoelectric generator (TEG), and radiator is introduced in this paper. A theoretical model of thermoelectric conversion performance for the hybrid generator is built up based on the heat source of the concentrated solar radiation rather than isothermal heat source. Based on the model, the impacts of related parameters on the internal temperature distributions, output power, and efficiency have been discussed. Moreover, the optimal operating conditions of the TIG‐TEG hybrid device at its maximum output power and efficiency have been determined. Results show that when cascading the TEG with the TIG, there is very little change of the TIG cathode temperature in most conditions, namely, T_C ≈ T_C′. Meanwhile, the anode temperature becomes higher, and the TEG cold end temperature T₂ is close to the anode temperature T_A′ for the single TIG system, ie, T_A > T_A′ ≈ T₂. In theory, the optimal concentrated solar radiation I₀ for the maximum output power P_max and the maximum efficiency η_max differs, which are I_0,P = 2.5 × 10⁶ W/m² and I_0,η = 2 × 10⁶ W/m², respectively, whereas the output power and efficiency of the TIG‐TEG hybrid system simultaneously reach their maximum values when the optimal TIG anode temperature T_A,opt = 1025 K, the optimal TIG output voltage V_opt = 2 V, and the optimal ratio of load resistance to internal resistance (R₂/R)_opt = 2. However, in practice, the parameter values of I₀, Φ_A, and T_A should be strictly controlled under 1.8 × 10⁶ W/m², 1.4 eV, and 660 K, respectively. Generally, the maximum output power and efficiency of the hybrid TIG‐TEG system are, respectively, 35% and 4% higher than that of the single TIG.     

微波烧结法制备含钪扩散阴极及其发射性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶结合氢还原法制备出Sc均匀掺杂的钨粉,随后采用微波烧结法成功制备出浸渍型含钪扩散阴极。对Sc掺杂钨粉特性、Sc掺杂钨海绵基体微观结构、阴极发射性能和阴极表面活性物质分布进行了分析,结果显示:Sc以Sc2O3的形态均匀分布于平均粒径1μm的钨粉中,海绵体骨架主要由大小均匀的亚微米级准球形颗粒构成,表面孔结构良好,孔分布均匀,平均孔径在0.46μm左右,Sc_2O_3均匀分布于基体之中。电子发射测试结果表明,该阴极950℃b时脉冲偏离点电流密度Jdiv为137.59 A/cm~2,发射斜率1.431。激活后的阴极表面Ba:Sc:O的原子比例为1.8:1:2.2,同时阴极表面存在大量的纳米粒子,对阴极发射有促进作用。     

CE-NATCO加热炉现场总线控制系统

叙述了现场总线控制系统在间接式加热炉－热媒炉中的应用，介绍了该热媒炉控制系统组成和控制策略组态。     

紧凑型自由电子激光太赫兹源研究进展

研制了一种具有两路微波馈入的新型热阴极微波电子枪和满足实验要求的主加速器增能段,介绍了该项目中的热阴极微波电子枪和主加速器的物理设计、数值模拟以及摇摆器测试结果等,并进行了初步热测实验。测得电子束能量约6.7 MeV,能散0.95%,归一化发射度13.5πmm.mrad。     

钼阳极二极管测试大尺寸阴极发射性能的应用研究

针对大尺寸、高功率阴极在工程应用上的发射性能检测不准确问题,我们设计了不同钼阳极二极管结构并进行仿真计算,选择不同直径和深径比的阴极进行实验。仿真计算结果显示球面、栅网阳极二极管的结构可较好地表征了阴极发射电流,明显优于平面阳极二极管结构。应用研究结果与仿真结果一致,考虑工程应用成本,球面阳极二极管结构利于筛选出工程应用阴极。     

阴极弧斑放电的机理分析

介绍了阴极弧斑放电的基本特征。参考前人的研究模型和最新的实验结果,系统地分析了阴极弧斑放电的机理和过程：电子的爆裂发射模型;热场致发射理论;阴极电位降区满足的Ｍａｃｋｅｏｗｎ 公式;阴极弧斑在磁场中的运动机理。最后讨论了气压对弧斑运动的影响,解释了阳极弧斑放电特征。     

Effect of particle size on the polycrystalline CeB6 cathode prepared by spark plasma sintering

The full densification polycrystalline cerium hexaboride (CeB6) cathode material was prepared by using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method in an oxygen free system. The starting precursor nanopowders with an average grain size of 50 nm were prepared by high-energy ball milling. The ball-milled nanopowder was fully densified at 1550 °C under 50 MPa, which was about 350 °C lower than the conventional hot-pressing method and it was also lower than that of coarse powder under the same sintering condition. The mechanical properties of nanopowder sintered samples were significantly better than that of coarse powder, e.g., the flexural strength and Vickers hardness were 211% and 51% higher than that of coarse powder, respectively. The electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) result showed that the (100) fiber texture could be fabricated by the ball-milled nanopowder sintered at 1550 °C and the thermionic emission current density was measured to be 16.04 A/cm2 at a cathode temperature of 1873 K.     

Y2O3含量对Y-Gd-Hf-O直热式压制阴极发射性能的研究

为了提高Y-Gd-Hf-O压制式高温阴极的热发射性能,制备了Y2O3/HfO2摩尔比不同的S2O3掺杂Y-Gd-Hf-O直热式压制阴极。测试结果显示,当比值为5/2时,热发射能力最好,1500 ℃下发射电流为2.79 A/cm2。阴极支取直流发射电流密度1.0 A/cm2,在1500 ℃的工作温度下,已经稳定工作了1320 h,并在该温度下经过696 h的10 W连续电子轰击后,发射电流仍保持为初始值的86%,表现出良好的耐电子轰击能力。XPS结合深度刻蚀表明,发射活性层主要集中在距表面50 nm深度范围内。表层SEM、EDS分析表明,阴极经过激活、老炼,活性物质粒径变大,Y/Hf原子比低于初始值,且随着Y2O3含量的提高,阴极表层n型半导体Y2O3-x的含量相应地增加,对改善阴极表面的导电性、降低逸出功和提高阴极的热发射性能有促进作用