Density measurements on levitated liquid metal droplets

Electromagnetic levitation is a useful tool for measuring thermophysical properties of high-temperature melts such as liquid metals. Due to its noncontact nature, the undercooled regime is also accessible. Density and thermal expansion of a levitated drop can be derived from volume measurements, if its mass is known. Assuming cylindrical symmetry, the volume of a drop can be determined from its cross section. Using photography, such measurements on liquid metals have been performed in the past. Here we present an improvement of this method, which replaces the photographic camera with a CCD videocamera and subsequent digital image processing. This reduces the time effect required to obtain the results and allows one to average over disturbing surface oscillations. The specific problems of digital image processing, namely resolution and edge detection, are addressed and results on nickel are presented.Paper presented at the Fourth International Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, June 27–29, 1991, Köln, Germany.     

用CA方法模拟过冷熔体中自由树枝晶的生长

基于溶质扩散和界面能的作用，建立了过冷熔体中自由树枝晶的生长模型，考虑了成分过冷、曲率过冷和界面能各向异性，用胞元自动机（CA）方法模拟了枝晶生长、界面扰动以及分枝的竞争演化，对枝晶尖端生长速度和过冷度的关系进行了模拟计算，并与L-G-K理论模型进行了定量的比较。     

Ag-Cu/Co-Sn共晶合金深过冷快速凝固反常共晶的形成研究

利用熔融玻璃净化循环过热的方法进行了Ag-Cu/Co-Sn共晶合金的深过冷快速凝固实验,并系统研究了熔体过冷度和微量Nb添加对反常共晶形成的影响。结果表明,快速凝固过程中共晶枝晶内部首先重熔形成反常共晶,随着过冷度的增大,共晶相的形貌从蠕虫状转变为球形颗粒,被重熔形成的固相颗粒将作为剩余液相形核生长的基底,Ag-Cu共晶中共晶两相形核具有非互惠性。Co-Sn共晶合金中添加Nb元素后样品内部反常共晶形成的临界过冷度由23 K降低至15 K,而表面组织中过冷度从45 K降低至30 K。由于样品表面与坩埚壁接触有利于结晶潜热消散,反常共晶形成的临界过冷度较高。Ag-Cu共晶合金温度再辉曲线上慢速凝固阶段持续的时间较Co-Sn共晶合金要长。     

Co-Sn单相合金深过冷凝固时Co3Sn2 相生长形貌的演变机制

开展了(Co₆₀Sn₄₀)_100-xNb_x (x=0,0.4,0.6,0.8,at%)单相合金的深过冷凝固实验,研究了Co₃Sn₂相生长形貌的演变机制。结果表明,在小过冷度下,Co₃Sn₂相在x=0,0.4以海藻状的模式进行生长,随着添加的Nb含量增加至0.6at%,其生长形貌转变为树枝晶,并在x=0.8进一步转变为分形海藻晶,这主要是由于界面能各向异性和动力学各向异性的变化。随着过冷度的增加,(Co₆₀Sn₄₀)_99.4Nb_0.6合金中Co₃Sn₂相生长形貌在过冷度大于28 K时从树枝晶转变为分形海藻,当过冷度高于143 K时转变为密集海藻。少量的Nb添加在小过冷度和中间过冷度时能提高Co₃Sn₂相的生长速度,但是在大过冷度下会显著降低生长速度。Co₃Sn₂相生长速度随过冷度变化规律的转变对应其生长形貌从分形海藻向密集海藻的转变。     

T91铁素体耐热钢过冷奥氏体转变过程中临界冷却速度的研究

利用DIL805A/D高精度差分膨胀仪,通过线膨胀行为测量与微观组织分析,获得T91铁素体耐热钢连续冷却转变过程中相关动力学信息,结合冷却后T91钢组织特征,确定了T91钢过冷奥氏体转变过程中的临界冷却速度.研究表明:T91钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却过程中只存在铁素体和马氏体转变区,而不出现贝氏体和珠光体转变.在冷却速度为10K/min时该钢获得完全板条马氏体组织,9K/min时组织中开始出现铁素体,即10K/min可以定为T91钢奥氏体向马氏体转变的上临界冷却速度;当冷却速度介于3～9K/min时为马氏体和铁素体的混合组织,冷却速度为2K/min时T91钢中不存在马氏体转变,室温组织为铁素体,即2K/min可以定为T91钢奥氏体向马氏体转变的下临界冷却速度.     

Contactless Electrical Conductivity Measurement of Electromagnetically Levitated Metallic Melts

A facility for noninvasive measurements of the electrical conductivity of liquid metals above and below the melting temperature is presented. It combines the containerless positioning method of electromagnetic levitation with the contact-less technique of inductive conductivity measurement. Contrary to the conventional measurement method, the sample is freely suspended within the measuring field and, thus, has no exactly predefined shape. This made a new theoretical basis necessary with implications on the measurement and levitation fields. Furthermore, the problem of the mutual inductive interactions between the levitation and the measuring coils had to be solved.     

大过冷Al-Mn-Si合金的凝固

本文采用玻璃包裹法加热冷却循环处理成分(wt-%)为 Al-25.44Mn-17.15 Si 的三元合金,得到了大过冷度的合金熔体。实验表明,三元合金大过冷凝固时有三次相析出。X 光衍射和透射电镜分析发现,合金中存在着五次对称准晶相及少量的 T 相、α-Al 和 Si 相。     

Computation and application of local solidification times of grey cast iron cast in metallic moulds

Heat conduction equations applicable to the solidification of grey cast iron cast in moulds of the same material were solved for the cases of plate and cylindrical shaped castings made by pouring the metal at different temperatures into moulds of different wall thicknesses preheated to different temperatures, when the heat transfer coefficient at the casting-mould interface was assumed to have different values. An explicit finite difference method was used to solve the equations with the aid of a digital computer. Local solidification times at different nodal points were determined from the solutions and a relationship between the local solidification time and the location in a ‘casting’ was established. The application of local solidification times for predicting the microstructure and estimating the ultimate tensile strength of these “castings” cast in metallic moulds has been demonstrated.     

深过冷凝固Co80Pd20合金中的枝晶生长

采用玻璃熔体净化与循环过热相结合的深过冷凝固技术实现了Co80Pd20合金的深过冷,获得了高达415 K的最大过冷度.采用OM观察了不同过冷度下凝固合金的微观组织,分析了枝晶形成的过冷度区间及过冷度对枝晶形貌的影响.运用BCT模型对深过冷凝固Co80Pd20中的枝晶生长进行了理论分析,获得了深过冷凝固过程中的枝晶生长速...     

低碳钢形变强化相变的组织细化

利用热模拟压缩变形试验研究了应变速率,形变温度和应变量对Q235级别低碳20钢过冷奥氏体形谱强化相谱的组织演变规律,探讨了了奥氏体昌粒控制对形变强化相变的影响,分析了组织细化的原因,结果表明,形变强烈促进过冷奥氏体相变,过冷奥氏体在800－740℃温度范围名义变形量为70％,应变速率为Is^-1,可获得了平均截径为2－3um及小于2um的铁索体细晶与珠光体混合组织,还观察到在局部细小铁素体晶粒的晶界上渗碳体以离异珠光体形式析出的现象,适当控制奥氏体晶粒尺寸有利于形变强化强晶组织的获得。