Comparative analysis of inbreeding parameters and runs of homozygosity islands in 2 Italian autochthonous cattle breeds mainly raised in the Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese production region

Reggiana and Modenese are autochthonous cattle breeds, reared in the North of Italy, that can be mainly distinguished for their standard coat color (Reggiana is red, whereas Modenese is white with some pale gray shades). Almost all milk produced by these breeds is transformed into 2 mono-breed branded Parmigiano-Reggiano cheeses, from which farmers receive the economic incomes needed for the sustainable conservation of these animal genetic resources. After the setting up of their herd books in 1960s, these breeds experienced a strong reduction in the population size that was subsequently reverted starting in the 1990s (Reggiana) or more recently (Modenese) reaching at present a total of about 2,800 and 500 registered cows, respectively. Due to the small population size of these breeds, inbreeding is a very important cause of concern for their conservation programs. Inbreeding is traditionally estimated using pedigree data, which are summarized in an inbreeding coefficient calculated at the individual level (F_PED). However, incompleteness of pedigree information and registration errors can affect the effectiveness of conservation strategies. High-throughput SNP genotyping platforms allow investigation of inbreeding using genome information that can overcome the limits of pedigree data. Several approaches have been proposed to estimate genomic inbreeding, with the use of runs of homozygosity (ROH) considered to be the more appropriate. In this study, several pedigree and genomic inbreeding parameters, calculated using the whole herd book populations or considering genotyping information (GeneSeek GGP Bovine 150K) from 1,684 Reggiana cattle and 323 Modenese cattle, were compared. Average inbreeding values per year were used to calculate effective population size. Reggiana breed had generally lower genomic inbreeding values than Modenese breed. The low correlation between pedigree-based and genomic-based parameters (ranging from 0.187 to 0.195 and 0.319 to 0.323 in the Reggiana and Modenese breeds, respectively) reflected the common problems of local populations in which pedigree records are not complete. The high proportion of short ROH over the total number of ROH indicates no major recent inbreeding events in both breeds. ROH islands spread over the genome of the 2 breeds (15 in Reggiana and 14 in Modenese) identified several signatures of selection. Some of these included genes affecting milk production traits, stature, body conformation traits (with a main ROH island in both breeds on BTA6 containing the ABCG2, NCAPG, and LCORL genes) and coat color (on BTA13 in Modenese containing the ASIP gene). In conclusion, this work provides an extensive comparative analysis of pedigree and genomic inbreeding parameters and relevant genomic information that will be useful in the conservation strategies of these 2 iconic local cattle breeds.     

数字签名技术在医院电子病历中的设计与应用

为推进病历数字化发展,并确保其信息的安全性,将以HIS电子病历系统为基础,采用安信数字签名技术和PKI或PMI系统搭建相信并加以任用的授权服务,经过针对实际的PKC和CA的确认、委托与管控构建整体的数字签名平台,完成电子病历数字签名功能设计,以加强电子文件的完整性、真实性和不可抵赖性。最后以某医院的XML结构化的电子病历系统为基础进行项目实施,完成了医护人员通过HIS的快速身份认证,和准确地数字签名。     

Display illumination with modulated directional backlight

Illumination is essential for modern life as colorful world is perceived by human visionary system. Display technology has been developing rapidly in recent decades, and the basic principle is related to the way that the image is illuminated and light is emanated. Traditional illumination is provided by different types of light sources, and the display image is visible in large viewing space until the emanating light decays to zero. This work proposes and demonstrates a novel illumination scheme for a display in which the displaying images are visible only in specific spatial regions. The directional backlight ensures the image propagating to specific direction while imaging visibility can be controlled to terminate abruptly at certain distance from the display screen while exerting no influence to nearby regions. The working principle for such an illumination scheme is the use of the modulated coherent directional backlight through an axicon lens. It is shown that the illumination scheme can robustly deliver carried image information to the designated viewing region. This new illumination scheme has many advantages over conventional illumination, including its usage for personal display, very lower energy consumption, as well as minimizing light hazard pollution.     

Mixture ratio modeling of dynamic systems

Any knowledge extraction relies (possibly implicitly) on a hypothesis about the modelled-data dependence. The extracted knowledge ultimately serves to a decision-making (DM). DM always faces uncertainty and this makes probabilistic modelling adequate. The inspected black-box modeling deals with “universal” approximators of the relevant probabilistic model. Finite mixtures with components in the exponential family are often exploited. Their attractiveness stems from their flexibility, the cluster interpretability of components and the existence of algorithms for processing high-dimensional data streams. They are even used in dynamic cases with mutually dependent data records while regression and auto-regression mixture components serve to the dependence modeling. These dynamic models, however, mostly assume data-independent component weights, that is, memoryless transitions between dynamic mixture components. Such mixtures are not universal approximators of dynamic probabilistic models. Formally, this follows from the fact that the set of finite probabilistic mixtures is not closed with respect to the conditioning, which is the key estimation and predictive operation. The paper overcomes this drawback by using ratios of finite mixtures as universally approximating dynamic parametric models. The paper motivates them, elaborates their approximate Bayesian recursive estimation and reveals their application potential.     

凝胶渗透色谱法测定基础油PAO的相对分子质量及分布

聚α-烯烃是一种性能优良的润滑油基础油，其相对分子质量及分布直接影响宏观性能。本研究建立了一种用于表征1-癸烯齐聚物相对分子质量及分布的方法。采用带示差折光检测器的凝胶渗透色谱系统，综合考虑分离效果和测试可操作性，优化了流动相流速和凝胶色谱柱的组合方式。以四氢呋喃为流动相，流速为0.8 mL/min，色谱柱组合方式为Styragel HR 0.5,Styragel HR 1,PLGEL 3μm MIXED-E三柱串联，以聚苯乙烯作为标准样品，采用普适校正方法处理色谱流出曲线。此方法测得样品的质均相对分子质量与凝胶渗透色谱-光散射法所测定结果相比较，相对误差相对偏差在3%以内。     

一种基于无理数加密算法的数字签名方案

为了提高现代网络信息传输的安全性,利用无理数小数点后数字的无穷性、无规律性、分布均匀性,提出一种全新的加密算法,并用它所产生的密钥流进行数字签名,实现身份验证不可抵赖、信息传输无篡改,确保信息传输的完整性、真实性,达到提高加密效率、相互认证的效果。     

一种基于Normal基椭圆曲线密码芯片的设计

文章设计了一款椭圆曲线密码芯片。实现了GF（2^233）域上normal基椭圆曲线数字签名和认证。并支持椭圆曲线参数的用户配置。在VLSI的实现上，提出了一种新的可支持GF（2^233）域和GF（p）域并行运算的normal基椭圆曲线VLSI架构。其架构解决了以往GF（p）CA算迟后于GF（2^233）域运算的问题，从而提高了整个芯片的运算吞吐率。基于SMIC 0．18μm最坏的工艺，综合后关键路径最大时延3．8ns，面积18mm^2；考虑布局布线的影响，芯片的典型的情况下，每秒可实现8000次签名或4500次认证。     

移动网络中的独立式安全管理系统

本文提出一种适用于移动网络的安全管理系统,由于访问网络能够独立地对漫游用户进行认证,所以称该系统为独立式安全管理(ISM).基于ISM设计一种漫游用户的认证协议,通过对协议的比较分析可以看出,相对于其它安全管理系统,ISM的突出优点是安全责任划分清晰、认证效率高.     

一种改进TSENG-JAN群签名的安全分析

本文对一种改进的Tseng-Jan群签名进行安全性分析,指出了该方案具有广义伪造性和相关性,即任何人可以对任意消息签名,管理员却不能对签名者进行追踪;且能够区分两个不同的签名是否来自于同一个人.     

计算机网络安全系统设计

分析了现代计算机网络所面临的威胁和各种安全问题,同时提出了在设计一个有关网络系统时应该考虑的一些安全问题,如网络安全策略与技术、网络的访问控制、网络数据加密技术、信息隐藏技术等安全问题。