国有科研单位人才流失原因分析及对策

近年来,国有科研单位,尤其是地处经济不发达地区的国有科研单位,出现了较为严重的人才流失现象,一定程度上影响和制约了国有科研单位的发展。通过对国有科研单位人才流失原因的分析,提出了相应的对策。     

爆破震动作用下新浇基础混凝土的安全震动速度研究

针对新浇筑混凝土的爆破震动控制,设法利用爆破地震波(Rayleigh波)作用下的新浇筑基础混凝土受力状态的理论分析和动力有限元计算,确定的新浇筑混凝土中的震动速度及动拉应变分布,并结合不同龄期下新浇筑混凝土的允许极限拉应变,从理论上确定新浇筑基础混凝土的安全震动速度及主要影响因素.理论分析结果和计算实例表明,新浇筑基础混凝土的允许震动速度值随基岩对新浇筑混凝土的基础约束程度的提高和随混凝土强度的降低而降低,我国现行采用的新浇筑大体积混凝土基础面上的质点安全震动速度值具有较大的安全储备.     

Age Differences in Everyday Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Effectiveness: A Meta-Analytic Review.

The authors report a meta-analysis of age differences in everyday problem-solving/decision-making effectiveness (EPSE). Effect sizes were calculated to reflect 3 age group comparisons: old versus young, young versus middle-aged, and middle-aged versus old. Findings from the meta-analysis of 28 separate studies with an aggregate of 4,482 participants do not support theories of preserved EPSE in late adulthood. Although significant age differences of moderate magnitude persisted across methodological and theoretical domains, rating criteria (experimenter vs. participant) emerged as a significant moderator of the effect magnitude and direction. In addition, EPSE in older adults was bolstered when problem content was interpersonal and when samples were highly educated. Finally, the current results support the conceptual integration of findings from the everyday problem-solving and everyday decision-making literatures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Housing Tenure: Pacific Families in New Zealand

Home ownership has been associated with health, social and economic benefits. However, a decline in ownership has been observed over the past decade in New Zealand. Minority groups, including Pacific people, have been disadvantaged in the housing sector. This study investigated housing tenure and the relationship between tenure and health among mothers of a birth cohort of Pacific children in New Zealand. Findings showed that most families lived in state or private rental accommodation with few (15.4 per cent) owning their own homes. Homeowners were more likely to be older, partnered and have higher incomes. Better mental health was observed for homeowners compared to renters. Findings can inform housing and public health policy for Pacific families.     

知识管理研究

通过对知识管理内容、过程、人和技术等方面的研究，提出今后知识管理研究在这些方面的重点。     

Validity of Three Measures of Communication for Predicting Relationship Adjustment and Stability Among a Sample of Young Couples.

The goal of this study was to examine whether data from 3 different measures of communication (i.e., self-report, quasi-observational, and observational) can predict relationship adjustment and stability 1 year later when used conjointly in a sample of 62 young couples. The 3 measures of communication were the Communication Skills Test-Revised (CST-R), the Communication Box (CB), and the Demand/Withdraw Pattern Questionnaire (DWPQ). Through hierarchical multiple regression analyses, results revealed that the CST-R and the DWPQ predict both genders' relationship adjustment 1 year later when used conjointly. Logistic regression analyses revealed that none of the measures of communication significantly predicted relationship stability. In conclusion, the combination of the CST-R and the DWPQ appears to be useful for longitudinally predicting relationship adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distinguished Scientific Awards for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology.

The Early Career Awards recognize the large number of excellent young psychologists. Recipients of this award may not have held a PhD for more than nine years. The areas considered in 1991 were animal learning and behavior, developmental, and personality. The winners for 1991 were Kent C. Berridge, Susan A. Gelman, and Randy J. Larsen. For each winner a citation, biography, and selected bibliography of their works are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emotional intelligence in young and middle adulthood: Cross-sectional analysis of latent structure and means.

Differentiation of the construct of emotional intelligence was investigated in young and middle-aged adults, on the basis of hypotheses generated from differential emotions theory, discrete emotions functionalist theory, and empirical literature on age-related changes in affective complexity and differentiation of abilities. Both age groups were characterized by the same set of comparably related dimensions. However, midlife adults reported significantly greater use of optimism as a mood-regulation strategy than was reported by young adults. This study considers implications of possible structural continuity in emotional intelligence in conjunction with mean increases in the use of optimism as a strategy for managing affect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于改进Hough变换的电梯轿厢内人数统计算法

考虑电梯轿厢内人数的电梯群控调度算法,可以在有限的时间内,找到更优解,对电梯的调度具有重要意义。针对目前基于视觉的人数统计算法正确率不够稳定,速度较慢的问题,提出了一种基于改进Hough变换检测人头轮廓的电梯轿厢内人数统计算法。该算法将标准Hough变换检测圆时的三维空间转换为一维空间,利用圆的几何特性遍历图像数据,通过一维Hough变换进行半径累积,并和阈值进行比较来确定人头轮廓的半径和圆心。结果表明,和用Hough变换检测人头轮廓的传统方法相比,该算法具有速度快,正确率高,抗噪性能好等优点。