Preparation of poly(thiophene-alt-pyrrole) bearing chiral LC group

ABSTRACT

Preparation of poly(thiophene-alt-pyrrole bearing mesogen) was carried out with Migita–Kosugi–Stille coupling type polycondensation with an aid of Pd(0) complex catalyst. The resultant polymer shows lyotropic liquid crystallinity with good film-forming property. The smectic fan-shaped texture is maintained after completion of evaporation of solvent from the polymer solution. The cast film having liquid crystal (LC) order shows light emission function upon irradiation of excitation light at 460 nm. The polymer shows LC domain emission. Mechanical orientation allows to yield LC domain aligned film with band structure. Chiral mesogenic side chain induces π-conjugated main chain helicity from distance in molecular level.     

Quantifying requirements volatility effects

In an organization operating in the bancassurance sector we identified a low-risk IT subportfolio of 84 IT projects comprising together 16,500 function points, each project varying in size and duration, for which we were able to quantify its requirements volatility. This representative portfolio stems from a much larger portfolio of IT projects. We calculated the volatility from the function point countings that were available to us. These figures were aggregated into a requirements volatility benchmark. We found that maximum requirements volatility rates depend on size and duration, which refutes currently known industrial averages. For instance, a monthly growth rate of 5% is considered a critical failure factor, but in our low-risk portfolio we found more than 21% of successful projects with a volatility larger than 5%. We proposed a mathematical model taking size and duration into account that provides a maximum healthy volatility rate that is more in line with the reality of low-risk IT portfolios. Based on the model, we proposed a tolerance factor expressing the maximal volatility tolerance for a project or portfolio. For a low-risk portfolio its empirically found tolerance is apparently acceptable, and values exceeding this tolerance are used to trigger IT decision makers. We derived two volatility ratios from this model, the π-ratio and the ρ-ratio. These ratios express how close the volatility of a project has approached the danger zone when requirements volatility reaches a critical failure rate. The volatility data of a governmental IT portfolio were juxtaposed to our bancassurance benchmark, immediately exposing a problematic project, which was corroborated by its actual failure. When function points are less common, e.g. in the embedded industry, we used daily source code size measures and illustrated how to govern the volatility of a software product line of a hardware manufacturer. With the three real-world portfolios we illustrated that our results serve the purpose of an early warning system for projects that are bound to fail due to excessive volatility. Moreover, we developed essential requirements volatility metrics that belong on an IT governance dashboard and presented such a volatility dashboard.     

嵌入式系统软件体系结构动态建模及应用研究

应用π演算方法,结合Petri网中的面向对象Petri网和时间Petri网,建立了嵌入式系统软件体系结构抽象模型ESAM,研究了ESAM模型的动态演化、一致性和死锁。应用ESAM抽象模型,对车站信号联锁控制器进行了建模与分析。     

Separation of synchronous and asynchronous communication via testing

One of the early results concerning the asynchronous π$\mathrm{<font\; color="red">\pi </font>}$-calculus which significantly contributed to its popularity is the capability of encoding the output prefix of the (choiceless) π$\mathrm{<font\; color="red">\pi </font>}$-calculus in a natural and elegant way. Encodings of this kind were proposed by Honda and Tokoro, by Nestmann and (independently) by Boudol. We investigate whether the above encodings preserve De Nicola and Hennessy’s testing semantics. In this sense, it turns out that, under some general conditions, no encoding of the output prefix is able to preserve the must testing. This negative result is due to (a) the non-atomicity of the sequences of steps which are necessary in the asynchronous π$\mathrm{<font\; color="red">\pi </font>}$-calculus to mimic synchronous communication, and (b) testing semantics’ sensitivity to divergence.     

基于FPGA的π/4-DQPSK调制设计

传统的π/4四相相对相移键控(π/4-DQPSK)调制器多采用模拟元件构建系统,易受环境因素影响、灵活性也较差。因此需要设计一个以数字信号处理为核心,开放性、灵活性较强的系统。系统采用软件无线电设计方法,在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)上实现时输入码率1Mbps、中频为2MHz的π/4-DQPSK调制。结果表明,该方法可产生正确的调制波形。系统模块多用IP软核实现,易于修改和实现。     

射频CMOS平面螺旋电感2-π等效电路模型参数的提取

从有理分式拟合方法出发,提出了用于射频CMOS平面螺旋电感2-π等效电路模型参数提取的新方法.通过比较提参后等效电路给出的S参数和实验测量的S参数,证明该方法的精度很高.此外,提参的策略非常直接,因此容易在CAD里面编程实现.提参得到的等效电路模型对于射频电路设计者来说也是非常有用的.     

802．11MAC层切换过程的代数验证

802．11MAC层的切换过程是其协议的一个重要组成部分，它影响着网络的动态拓扑结构。利用π演算理论来进行分析，可以严格而规范地描述其切换过程。在本文中，首先建立了切换的π演算模型。然后通过推导，证明了模型的一致性。这将为802．11MAC层的研究提供一定的 参考和分析价值。     

4π(PPC)X-γ数字符合法测量88Y活度

本文介绍了采用4π(PPC)X-γ数字符合测量装置绝对测量⁸⁸Y放射性活度的方法。为提高对X射线的探测效率,实验采用高气压正比计数器,测量比较了甲烷和氩甲烷作为其工作气体的坪曲线,后者具有探测效率高、起始坪电压低的优势,因此采用氩甲烷为工作气体。采集原始谱数据后,选择不同的感兴趣γ窗进行离线数字符合计算,并分析了效率外推的结果和测量的不确定度。     

沥青质分子界面行为的耗散粒子动力学

运用耗散粒子动力学(D PD)方法模拟了"孤岛型"沥青质分子和其纳米聚集体在油-水界面的取向性、聚集行为,分析了富氧支链对沥青质分子取向性的影响.结果表明:存在油-水界面时,沥青质分子从油、水相中脱离,吸附在油-水界面处,稠芳环核与油-水界面平行,烷烃支链伸入油相;随着沥青质浓度升高,空间位阻作用使沥青质分子彼此分离,...     

均苯四甲酸酯衍生物小分子凝胶剂的合成研究

设计合成了一种新型的以π?π堆积为主导作用力的凝胶因子,通过生成均苯四甲酸酯的形式来减少氢键作用位点,以均苯四甲酸二酐为母核结构与不同碳链长度的醇反应,成功合成了一系列不同碳链长度的均苯四甲酸酯的凝胶因子衍生物,进而探讨了这些凝胶因子衍生物在常见的不同有机溶剂中形成凝胶的性能。流变学测试显示,该凝胶体系的弹性模量比储能模量高一个数量级,有很好的机械性能,并且呈现出典型的类固体的流变学行为。傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振谱、扫描电镜及DSC结果表明,凝胶中凝胶剂分子形成纤维状的自组装聚集体,以均苯四甲酸二酐为母核结构的凝胶剂分子中π?π堆积的弱相互作用力以及分子间的范德华力是形成该凝胶的主要驱动力,形成的聚集体相互缠绕,最终形成三维网络结构阻碍溶剂流动从而形成凝胶。