Effect of electric field on the hydrodynamics of fluidized nanoparticles

The effect of electric field on the hydrodynamics of nanoparticles was studied in a fluidized rectangular bed, with electrodes attached to two parallel walls. It was shown that the electric field of the order of 3 times the gravity markedly decreased the bed expansion and increased the solids volume fraction of nanoparticles fluidized by air. In these experiments, a light diode assembly was utilized to infer the local solids volume fractions within a rectangular bed of 10 nm silica particles. These experimental measurements yielded a two dimensional solids volume fraction distribution within the rectangular bed. The experimental results provided some new insights into the distribution of solids within the bed. The agglomerate diameters were computed using a momentum balance with the drag given by the Ergun equation and the empirical Richardson-Zaki method. Both methods yielded agglomerate diameters of the order of 100 μm and showed dependence on the strength of the electric field. The electric field decreased the granular temperature of the nanoparticles.     

钼精矿结球机理及对策研究

钼精矿产品质量的提高、粒度变细,干燥过程中结球现象严重。在氧化钼的焙烧过程中MoS2残留量较高。本文针对这一现象,分析了其结球机理,提出了相应对策及解决办法。     

纳米CeO2的制备方法研究进展

介绍了近年来纳米CeO2的制备方法的研究进展情况，重点分析对比了沉淀法、溶胶—凝胶法、水热法、微乳液法、喷雾热分解法、喷雾反应法等制备纳米CeO2的优缺点，指出了在今后应重点研究和解决的主要问题。     

具有高粘度分散相的油-水分散体系的液滴破碎与粒径分布研究

对湍流搅拌槽中原油-水分散体系的液滴破碎进行了研究。在不同的温度下原油表现出不同的流变学特征，对分散过程中的液滴破碎产生不同的影响。实验研究对比了不同温度下原油-水分散体系的液滴分布及最大稳定粒径，分析了触变性对破碎过程及最大稳定粒径的影响。经过模型计算与实验结果比较，发现以初始粘度计算的理论值预测最大稳定粒径更为合适。     

温度和初始颗粒大小对絮体破碎再絮凝的研究

鉴于絮体的形成/破碎/再絮凝过程在适当条件下具有强化去除水中颗粒物的效果,研究温度和初始颗粒大小对絮体破碎再絮凝去除水中颗粒的影响.采用PDA2000透光率脉动检测仪对絮体破碎再絮凝过程进行在线监测.结果表明,在较低温度条件下,絮体破碎后能有较大的恢复率;初始颗粒越大,絮体大小恢复率越高,由较小初始颗粒产生的絮体经破碎后再絮凝其再生能力不如大颗粒,沉后水浊度与大颗粒相比不具有降低优势.当电中和机理占主导作用时,絮体破碎后能重新絮凝,絮体大小能恢复到破碎之前;而当网捕卷扫机理占主导作用时,絮体的恢复能力不如电中和条件,再絮凝能力降低.絮体破碎后再絮凝的沉后水浊度明显低于破碎前,水温对其结果的影响不大.絮体破碎后再絮凝,适用于较大的初始颗粒和较低水温.     

PAC投加对絮体破碎后再絮凝特性和颗粒去除的影响

为改善絮体破碎后的再絮凝能力,提高颗粒的去除效率,以西宁地区低温低浊水为研究对象,通过光学检测仪器及数学拟合方式,分析补投聚合氯化铝(PAC)对破碎后絮体粒径与分布、生长速率变化的影响,描述颗粒及浊度的去除效果.结果表明:随PAC补投量的升高,絮体粒径和生长速率均先增大后减小,各自达到峰值所需补投药量分别为4和6 mg/L;剩余浊度和颗粒数先降低后升高,最低时可分别降至0.79 NTU、90个·m L-1.补投2 mg/L药剂后,280~630μm絮体颗粒体积分数由22.85%增大到46.36%,4~35μm絮体颗粒体积分数由1.21%减小至0.19%,再絮凝后絮体平均粒径为400μm,大于未破碎前的370μm,粒径增长率为8.11%,絮体生长速率为77.26μm/min.补投PAC可促进絮体破碎后的再絮凝,提高浊度及颗粒数的去除效果,可有效改善实际工程絮凝工艺效果.     

Flute breakage detection during end milling using Hilbert–Huang transform and smoothed nonlinear energy operator

Real time tool condition monitoring has great significance in modern manufacturing processes. In order to prevent possible damages to the workpiece or the machine tool, reliable monitoring techniques are required to provide fast response to the unexpected tool failure. Milling is one of the most fundamental machining operations. During the milling process, the current of feed motor is weakly related to the cutter condition, the change of power consumption is not significant to identify tool condition. Thus, current of motor-based tool condition still requires some new approaches to sort out significant pattern that could be employed to indicate tool condition. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to detect end mill flute breakage via the feed-motor current signals, which implements Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) analysis and a smoothed nonlinear energy operator (SNEO) to extract the crucial characteristics from the measured signals to indicate tool breakage. Experiments on a CNC Vertical Machining Centre are presented to show the algorithm performance. The results show that this method is feasible and can accurately and efficiently monitor the conditions of the end mill under varying cutting conditions.     

浸没式超滤膜工艺应用中几个问题及调整

北京地区3座采用浸没式超滤膜工艺的净水厂在实际运行过程中出现了一些影响工艺运行的现象和问题,其中膜丝材料老化、膜孔变形甚至断丝等现象加剧了初滤水现象,并对出水水质产生了不利影响;膜池污染物富集则一定程度上加剧了膜污染和膜丝间积泥,导致膜组件断丝现象加剧及清洗困难。对于运行而言,低温造成的反冲洗压差增加比产水过程的通量下降和跨膜压差增加的影响更为直接和难以克服。此外,实际运行过程的膜出水中有相当数量的微生物检出,表明仍存在着生物泄漏的风险。     

Route Maintenance in IEEE 802.11 wireless mesh networks

In this paper, we propose a novel Route Maintenance scheme for IEEE 802.11 wireless mesh networks. Despite lack of mobility and energy constraints, reactive routing protocols such as AODV and DSR suffer from frequent route breakages in 802.11 based infrastructure wireless mesh networks. In these networks, if any intermediate node fails to successfully transmit a packet to the next hop node after a certain number of retransmissions, the link layer reports a transmission problem to the network layer. Reactive routing protocols systematically consider this as a link breakage (and therefore a route breakage). Transmission failures can be caused by a number of factors e.g. interference or noise and can be transient in nature. Frequent route breakages result in significant performance degradation. The proposed mechanism considers multiple factors to differentiate between links with transient transmission problems from those links which have permanent transmission problems and takes a coherent decision on link breakage. The proposed mechanism is implemented in AODV for single-radio single-channel mesh network and an extension is incorporated in multi-radio multi-channel scenarios. Simulation results show substantial performance improvement compared to classical AODV and local route repair schemes.     

循环应力加载条件下支撑剂破碎率实验研究

运用微机控制电液伺服万能试验机,对循环应力加载条件下支撑剂破碎率进行实验研究,考察不同支撑剂及不同应力加载次数下支撑剂的破碎率情况。实验结果表明：循环应力加载对支撑剂的破碎率影响很大。随着应力循环加载次数的增加,破碎率上升明显,且破碎率开始上升较快,随着循环次数的增加而上升缓慢。