染料过敏性和过敏性染料问题

染料过敏性是染料毒理学与生态学的重要内容之一，本文阐述了染料过敏性的分类、过敏性染料的特性和检测、染料的过敏性及其对策，它们对创制环保型染料具有有重要的意义。     

注射用头孢唑肟钠用药安全评价的试验研究

目的：评价注射用头孢唑肟钠制剂用药的安全性。方法：按照国家SFDA颁发的《化学药物刺激性、过敏性和溶血性研究技术指导原则》进行了局部血管刺激性、肌肉刺激性、溶血性和全身主动过敏性试验。结果：①注射用头孢唑肟钠耳缘静脉点滴给药浓度为0.04g/ml,给药容积为2ml/kg时,对试验兔血管无刺激性;②注射用头孢唑肟钠肌肉注射给药浓度为0.25g/ml,给药容积为0.5ml/只时,对试验兔肌肉无刺激性;③注射用头孢唑肟钠药物浓度为0.04g/ml,在体外试验条件下无溶血反应及红细胞凝聚反应;④注射用头孢唑肟钠致敏剂量为0.067和0.133g/kg,激发剂量为0.067和0.133g/kg时,对豚鼠无主动全身过敏性反应。结论：注射用头孢唑肟钠试验条件下无血管和肌肉刺激性、无溶血性及过敏性反应。     

Food allergy management among restaurant workers in a large U.S. city

We assessed restaurant workers' knowledge and practices regarding food allergy management and adverse events, which result in 90,000 emergency department visits annually in the United States. We surveyed all eligible restaurants within a defined catchment in Philadelphia and 80.3% (n = 187) participated. No restaurant employee was able to name all seven “best practices” to reduce the risk of food allergy adverse events in restaurants. The majority of participants could name only zero or one preventive measure. Few participants knew to respond to anaphylaxis by administering epinephrine and calling 9-1-1. Public health professionals should work with the restaurant industry, and with food service workers, to evaluate and revise food allergy-relevant policies and trainings. This is critical to protect the 15 million American consumers, and far more globally, who suffer from food allergies.     

刀额新对虾主要变应原36kD和68kD蛋白检测虾过敏症的应用

目的评价刀额新对虾主要变应原36kD和68kD蛋白在临床检测虾过敏症特异性IgE方面的应用。方法以纯化的刀额新对虾主要变应原36kD和68kD蛋白为抗原包被酶标反应板,采用间接ELISA法检测1301份人血清样品中的特异性IgE,对其中血清特异性IgE阳性者进行虾类食物过敏反应的回顾性调查。结果1301份血清中,特异性IgE阳性的有127份,阳性率为9.76%(127/1301)。回顾性调查表明,特异性IgE阳性个体均有虾类食物过敏史,与血清学检测结果相一致。结论刀额新对虾主要变应原36kD和68kD蛋白针对血清特异性IgE的检测具有较高的特异性和敏感性,适用于研制临床检测虾过敏症的ELISA试剂。     

A case of anaphylactic shock induced by FX60 polysulfone hemodialyzer but not F6‐HPS polysulfone hemodialyzer

A 75‐year‐old woman was admitted for dyspnea and fever. She underwent emergent dialysis smoothly under F6‐HPS polysulfone hemodialyzer. With two subsequent hemodialysis sessions, severe anaphylactic reaction with cardiopulmonary resuscitation occurred under FX60 polysulfone dialyzer. Further dialysis sessions by F6‐HPS polysulfone dialyzer were uneventful. This rare case demonstrated that dialyzer reaction may be markedly different even with the same material and the same manufacturer.     

Fast-Disintegrating Sublingual Epinephrine Tablets: Effect of Tablet Dimensions on Tablet Characteristics

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of changing dimensions on the hardness (H), disintegration time (DT), and wetting time (WT) of fast-disintegrating epinephrine tablets for sublingual administration as potential first aid treatment for anaphylaxis. Tablet formulations I and II, containing 0% and 10% epinephrine bitartrate, respectively, and weighing 150 mg were prepared by direct compression. Formulations were compressed at a range of forces using an 8/32″ die with concave punches (CP); a 10/32″ and an 11/32″ die with CP and flat punches (FP). Tablet weight variation, content uniformity, thickness, H, DT, and WT were measured. The 8/32″, 10/32″, and 11/32″ dies resulted in tablet thickness of ranges 0.25–0.19″, 0.17–0.1″, and 0.16–0.08″, respectively. The DT and WT using the 8/32″ die were ≤10 and ≤30 sec, respectively, at H ≤5.4 ± 0.2 kg for formulation I, and H ≤5.4 ± 0.3 kg for formulation II. The DT and WT were ≤10 and ≤30 sec, respectively, using 10/32″ die/CP, 10/32″ die/FP, 11/32″ die/CP, and 11/32″ die/FP at H ≤6.2 ± 0.6 kg, ≤6.8 ± 0.4 kg, ≤4.9 ± 0.1 kg, and ≤7.2 ± 0.3 kg, respectively, for formulation I. For formulation II, the DT and WT were ≤10 sec and ≤30 sec, respectively, when H < 4 kg. No difference in DT and WT was observed between concave and flat tablets. The 11/32″ and 10/32″ dies resulted in more ideal tablet dimensions for sublingual administration, but H must be maintained <4 kg to ensure rapid DT and WT.     

氟轻松维B6乳膏制剂皮肤用药安全评价的实验研究

目的：评价氟轻松维B6乳膏制剂皮肤用药的安全性。方法：按照国家SFDA颁发的《化学药物刺激性、过敏性和溶血性研究技术指导原则》（第二稿）[1]进行豚鼠皮肤致敏试验与实验兔皮肤刺激性试验。结果：氟轻松维B6乳膏1.0g/只对豚鼠皮肤平均反应值为0,致敏率为0;氟轻松维B6乳膏乳膏0.5g/只对实验兔局部皮肤刺激性平均反应积分值为0,实验兔局部皮肤刺激的累积刺激指数为0。结论：氟轻松维B6乳膏局部皮肤用药对豚鼠皮肤无过敏反应,对实验兔皮肤无刺激性反应。     

锝[99mTc]GSA注射液血管刺激性和过敏性研究

评价放射性诊断药物锝[^99mTc]GSA注射液的血管刺激性和主动全身过敏性,为放射性药物临床安全性应用提供参考。结果表明:(1)静脉注射后未出现血管刺激性反应;(2)临床单次使用可避免强阳性过敏反应。