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1.
One specific class of non-linear evolution equations, known as the Tzitzéica-type equations, has received great attention from a group of researchers involved in non-linear science. In this article, new exact solutions of the Tzitzéica-type equations arising in non-linear optics, including the Tzitzéica, Dodd–Bullough–Mikhailov and Tzitzéica–Dodd–Bullough equations, are obtained using the expa function method. The integration technique actually suggests a useful and reliable method to extract new exact solutions of a wide range of non-linear evolution equations. 相似文献
2.
目的:探索炎性疾病患者的乳酸林格氏液(Ringer's lactate,RL)液体动力学特征以及炎性生物标记物是否可以作为协变量影响RL分布和排泄。方法:本研究为前瞻性队列研究。选择40例美国麻醉医师分级(ASA)I-II级,腹腔镜下择期胆囊切除术(胆囊炎组,n=20)或者腹腔镜下急诊阑尾切除术(阑尾炎组,n=20)。所有患者麻醉诱导前开始输注RL,按15 mL/kg,35 min内输毕。采用酶联免疫(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)方法测定血浆炎症(TNF-α,IL-10和CRP)或者内皮损伤生物标记物(syndecan-1,SDC-1);利用血红蛋白(Hb)稀释-时间曲线和尿量,使用Phoenix软件,采用非线性混合效应模型分析计算RL液体动力学参数和协变量的影响。结果:与胆囊炎组相比,阑尾炎组RL从组织间隙到血浆的转运速率常数(k21)显著降低(14×10-3min-1 versus 35×10-3min-1;P=0.012)。阑尾炎组C反应蛋白(CRP)升高[中位数38.1(1.8-143.6) μg/mL versus 1.3(0.1-159.0) μg/mL;P<0.001];与清醒状态相比,麻醉期间(输液开始后30~45 min),液体从中央室中到外周室的转运速率常数(k12)显著增加(57×10-3min-1 versus 32×10-3min-1;P<0.01)。清除速率常数(k10)降低90%(0.6×10-3min-1 versus 5.3×10-3min-1;P<0.001)。无论在清醒状态还是麻醉状态下低血压均能降低液体清除;炎症或者内膜损伤的生物标记物不能作为显著影响RL液体动力学参数的协变量。结论:阑尾炎或者胆囊炎患者术前输入液体后“炎症反应的生物标记物”不是RL的液体动力学的协变量,但是两组患者中,全身麻醉期间输入液体的清除率下降。 相似文献
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4.
Andrea Mariela Araya-Sibaja Valdir Soldi Carlos Eduardo Maduro Campos Simone Gonçalves Cardoso 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2015,41(5):851-858
Progesterone is a natural hormone steroid used in humans for several treatments and in livestock for artificial insemination, which exhibits two polymorphic forms at ambient conditions: form 1 and form 2. Form 2 is metastable and more soluble than form 1; however, it is not suitable to use as powder raw material because it transforms into form 1 by the effects of grinding. A polymorphic screening of progesterone based on polymer-induced heteronucleation method was performed as an alternative to prepare the metastable form. Polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), dextran, gelatin, polyisoprene (PI) and acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) copolymer were used. Crystals were prepared from 0.5, 10 and 40?mg/mL solutions in acetone at room temperature by solvent evaporation. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microcopy and attenuated total reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Form 1 was nucleated from 40?mg/mL solutions on the six polymers and from 10?mg/mL solutions on PI and NBR. The mixture of form 1 and form 2 was obtained from 10?mg/mL solution on HPMC, dextran and gelatin and from 0.5?mg/mL solution crystallizations. Therefore, the polymeric devices, which crystallized the metastable and more soluble polymorph (2) of progesterone, would be a promissory alternative for the pharmaceutical applications. 相似文献
5.
Aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-fullerene complexes (PVP-C70) have been studied using static and dynamic light scattering methods. Two diffusive processes were detected. The slow diffusion was interpreted as dynamics of large intermolecular PVP-C70 complexes while the fast diffusion was associated with the presence of individual PVP molecules in solution. It was also shown that the molecular weights and dimensions of PVP-C70 complexes are smaller than for PVP-C60 by a factor of 2.5-3. In aqueous solutions of PVP-C70 complex the depolarization and dissymmetry of scattered light were observed in contrast to PVP-C60 solutions. It reveals the existence of anisotropic structures in PVP-C70 solutions. Intermolecular interactions within PVP-C70 complexes are weak and a hydrodynamic field can destroy complexes. 相似文献
6.
针对加油站在油品进、销、存方面因管理和人为作弊而产生的损耗大问题,提出了解决办法:各环节交接手续要严密完备;发货方实施保量运输,选择信誉好的承运方;在销售、储存方面应加强管理,推行加油站计量员、账务员集中管理,主要账表电子表格化,及时上报主管部门,执行责任追究制并与效益工资挂钩。 相似文献
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8.
Matthew R. James 《国际强度与非线性控制杂志
》1994,4(6):791-806
》1994,4(6):791-806
In this paper we present a numerical method for estimating the current state of a nonlinear control system. We use finite differences to discretize a modified version of the finite-time observer equations in James. The discretized equations are simple and easily programmed. The convergence and accuracy of the scheme is proved, and the scheme enjoys a number of important properties: availability of rate of convergence estimates, good robustness characteristics, and the ability to handle certain types of discontinuities in the observations. The major disadvantage is that the number of grid points required increases exponentially with the number of state dimensions. 相似文献
9.
S.J. Curran R.E. Hayes A. Afacan M.C. Williams P.A. Tanguy 《Journal of food science》2002,67(1):176-180
ABSTRACT: The effect of pH on the non-Newtonian viscosity (η)of aqueous Carbopol 940 solutions is presented with high resolution (pH increments about 0.4) between pH = 2.8 and 12.7. Aqueous NaOH was used to adjust pH of 1.48 wt % Carbopol solutions. A Contraves viscometer was used to measure steady-flow shear stress at known shear rate (γ) over the range γ= 8 to 195 s−1 . Yield stresses and shear-thinning η(γ) were observed. Data were fitted with a Herschel-Bulkley model, whose parameters (including yield stress) were expressed as functions of pH. Comparisons were made of η(γ) to the dynamic viscometric properties η'(ω) and η*(ω) for comparable ranges of γ and frequency (ω): A fairly close match was found between η and η* but η«η'. pH dependence included previously unreported extrema of h(pH) in the range of pH = 6.2 to 6.6. Because of sensitive control of rheological properties with pH, Carbopol solutions can be used to mimic a great range of shear-thinning and yield-stress behavior that should make them useful for model studies directed toward process and equipment design and evaluation. 相似文献
10.
Non-pinched, minimum energy solutions are important class of distillation designs that offer the potential advantage of a better trade-off between capital investment and operating costs. In this paper, two important tasks associated with non-pinched distillation designs are studied. Thus the novel contributions of this work to the literature are
- (1) A comprehensive methodology for finding non-pinched minimum energy designs.
- (2) Understanding of the reasons for the existence of non-pinched distillation designs.