Performance evaluation of basalt fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites with various contents of nano CaCO3

High carbon footprint of cement production is the major drawback of plain cement concrete resulting in environmental pollution. Geopolymer composites paste can be effectively used as an alternative to Portland cement in the construction industry for a sustainable environment. The demand for high-performance composites and sustainable construction is increasing day by day. Therefore, the present experimental program has endeavored to investigate the mechanical performance of basalt fiber-reinforced fly ash-based geopolymer pastes with various contents of nano CaCO₃. The content of basalt fibers was fixed at 2% by weight for all specimens while the studied contents of nano CaCO₃ were 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively. The compressive strength, compressive stress-strain response, flexural strength, bending stress-strain response, elastic modulus, toughness modulus, toughness indices, fracture toughness, impact strength, hardness, and microstructural analysis of all four geopolymer composite pastes with varying contents of nano CaCO₃ using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were evaluated. The results revealed that the use of 3% nano CaCO₃ in basalt fiber-reinforced geopolymer paste presented the highest values of compressive strength and hardness while the use of 2% nano CaCO₃ showed the highest values of flexural strength, impact strength, and fracture toughness of composite paste. The SEM results indicated that the addition of nano CaCO₃ improved the microstructure and provided a denser geopolymer paste by refining the interfacial zones and accelerating the geopolymerization reaction.     

玄武岩纤维表面处理及其复合材料界面改性研究

为改善玄武岩纤维的织造性能及其复合材料的界面性能，本文采用表面偶联剂结合乳液型浆料上浆的方法对纤维进行表面处理，研究表明，采用乳液型浆料处理后，玄武岩纤维的织造性能得到显著改善，在上浆处理前对纤维进行表面偶联剂处理，可使玄武岩纤维／环氧复合材料的界面性能得到明显提高，从而实现了纤维织造性能与复合材料界面力学性能的共同改善。     

酸碱程度对玄武岩纤维的影响

本文研究经盐酸、氢氧化钠溶液对玻璃纤维针刺毡进行浸泡腐蚀处理玄武岩纤维针剌毡耐酸、碱老化性能。分析各种条件对玄武岩纤维针剌毡的耐酸性、耐碱性的影响.     

The use of basalt powder as a natural heterogeneous catalyst in the Fenton and Photo-Fenton oxidation of cationic dyes

The use of naturally present heterogeneous catalysts has recently been an essential issue in the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. In this study, the uses of basalt as a catalyst for the Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions for methylene Blue (MB) and Basic Red 18 (BR18) degradations were investigated. Basalt was selected because of the presence of the iron (III) oxide in the structure. Basalt was characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis to obtain the chemical composition and the crystalline phase. The surface charge and the surface area were obtained by zeta potential and Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized to explore the functional group and the surface morphology. Fenton and photo-Fenton processes were applied to explore the best degradation method. Adsorption was also tested and the adsorption process had minimum removal efficiency (12% for MB and 17% for BR18). The removal efficiencies for MB and BR18 by the Fenton process were 87% and 28%, respectively. The photo-Fenton process had maximum removal efficiency with 100% for MB and 70% for BR18. The optimum conditions were 70 mg/L dye concentration, 5 mM H₂O₂, 1.0 g/L basalt loading and pH 2. Basalt has shown reuse capability as a catalyst for three consecutive cycles.     

Fatigue behavior and failure mechanism of basalt FRP composites under long-term cyclic loads

This paper studies the fatigue behavior of basalt fiber reinforced epoxy polymer (BFRP) composites and reveals the degradation mechanism of BFRP under different stress levels of cyclic loadings. The BFRP composites were tested under tension–tension fatigue load with different stress levels by an advanced fatigue loading equipment combined with in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The specimens were under long-term cyclic loads up to 1 × 10⁷ cycles. The stiffness degradation, S–N curves and the residual strength of run-out specimens were recorded during the test. The fatigue strength was predicted with the testing results using reliability methods. Meanwhile, the damage propagation and fracture surface of all specimens were observed and tracked during fatigue loading by an in-situ SEM, based on which damage mechanism under different stress levels was studied. The results show the prediction of fatigue strength by fitting S–N data up to 2 × 10⁶ cycles is lower than that of the data by 1 × 10⁷ cycles. It reveals the fatigue strength perdition is highly associated with the long-term run-out cycles and traditional two million run-out cycles cannot accurately predict fatigue behavior. The SEM images reveal that under high level of stress, the critical fiber breaking failure is the dominant damage, while the matrix cracking and interfacial debonding are main damage patterns at the low and middle fatigue stress level for BFRP. Based on the above fatigue behavior and damage pattern, a three stage fracture mechanism model under fatigue loading is developed.     

Molybdenum disilicide-silicon nitride bushing nozzles tailor-made for basalt fibers production

A carefully comparative study of several ceramics compounds allowed the identification of MoSi₂ blended with Si₃N₄ as a suitable material for the realization of bushing nozzles, specifically designed for basalt fibers production. Degradation static tests were developed and performed to demonstrate the high resistance to oxidation at operating temperature of MoSi₂-Si₃N₄ composites with respect to alumina, zirconia stabilized with magnesia or yttria, pure MoSi₂, pure Si₃N₄, and MoSi₂ englobing SiC. Moreover, the MoSi₂-Si₃N₄ composites resulted resistant to corrosion and chemical inert with respect to oxidizing components present in basalt melts.Bushings in MoSi₂-Si₃N₄ were obtained by using hot isostatic pressing and were processed through mechanical drilling. The basalt fibers produced with the MoSi₂-Si₃N₄ bushing showed a constant diameter and a regular surface morphology. The bushing was recovered intact without defects or fractures demonstrating the efficiency of the selected material. Replacing platinum-rhodium bushings with ceramic ones could greatly reduce costs of basaltic fibers production and could encourage the use of these eco-friendly, natural fibers as reinforcement in lightweight polymer composites.     

Mechanical,thermal expansion,and flammability properties of co-extruded wood polymer composites with basalt fiber reinforced shells

Basalt fiber (BF) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) and co-extruded wood plastic composites (WPCs) with BF/HDPE composite shell were successfully prepared and their mechanical, morphological and thermal properties characterized. The BFs had an average diameter of 7 μm with an organic surfactant surface coating, which was thermally decomposed at about 210 °C. Incorporating BFs into HDPE matrix substantially enhanced flexural, tensile and dynamic modulus without causing a noticeable decrease in the tensile and impact strength of the composites. Micromechanical modeling of tensile properties for the BF/HDPE composites showed a good fit of the selected models to the experimental data. Compared to neat HDPE, BF/HDPE composites had reduced linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) values. The use of the pure HDPE and BF/HDPE layers over a WPC core greatly improved impact strength of core–shell structured composites. However, the relatively less-stiff HDPE shell with large LCTE values decreased the overall composite modulus and thermal stability. Both flexural and thermal expansion properties were enhanced with BF reinforced HDPE shells, leading to well-balanced properties of core–shell structured material. Cone calorimetry analysis indicated that flammability performance of core–shell structured composites was improved as the BF content increased in the shell layer.     

短切玄武岩纤维对磷酸镁水泥砂浆性能的影响

采用固定水胶比和固定流动度两种方案进行对比试验,研究了不同掺量的玄武岩纤维对复合磷酸镁水泥(MPC)砂浆流动度和力学性能的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了微观形貌.结果表明:在固定水胶比的情况下,随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增加,MPC砂浆的流动度降低,但力学性能有所提高,且掺量为3.5 kg/m3时,力学性能最优,...     

Effect of weathering on the geomechanical properties of the Miocene basalts in Malatya,Eastern Turkey

Miocene volcanic rocks are widely exposed in the eastern Taurids, Turkey. The geomechanical properties and weathering degree of the Middle–Upper Miocene basalts were determined at the Boztepe dam site in Malatya, eastern Turkey. An engineering geology map of the Boztepe dam site was made and the joint sets and the degree of weathering determined in the field. The degree of weathering and RQD values were obtained on some 1,195 m of core which was then compared with a series of geomechanical tests including unit weight, porosity, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength and compressive wave velocity. The geomechanical properties were compared with the weathering classifications of ISRM (Rock characterization, testing and monitoring, p 211, 1981) and Kilic (Environ Eng Geosci 4:475–483, 1999)      

硅藻土矿分布区斜坡稳定性分析与评价

在嵊县丘陵地区范围内,广泛发育有交替分布的玄武岩和硅藻土层,岩层倾角平缓。在丘陵区此独特的层序地层近年来随着人类工程活动强度的增大,滑体后缘建筑,前缘切坡,造成下滑力增加,抗滑力减弱;另一方面在降雨的作用下,地表水体沿着卸荷裂隙通道浸入到下伏硅藻土层界面,硅藻土吸水软化,抗剪强度减弱,同时地下水水位上升,动水压力和扬压力加大,抗滑力进一步降低,于是产生了低倾角滑面滑坡。通过滑坡形成机理的分析,达到了为滑坡的治理提供依据的目的。