Fabrication and performances of high lithium-ion conducting solid electrolytes based on NASICON Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7-xZrx(PO4)3 (0≤ x≤ 0.2)

Solid electrolytes are the key component in designing all-solid-state batteries. The Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃ (LATP) structure and its derivatives obtained by doping various elements at Ti and Al site acts as good solid electrolytes. However, there is still scope for enhancing the ionic conductivity using simple precursors and preparation methods. In this study, the Li superionic conductors Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7-xZr_x(PO₄)₃ (LATZP) with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 have been successfully prepared by the solid-state reaction route. The structural, morphological, and ionic transport properties were analyzed using several experimental techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and impedance spectroscopy (IS). The presence of two relaxation processes corresponding to grain and grain boundary was studied using various formalisms. We have observed that grain effects dominate at lower temperatures (<100 °C) while the grain boundary at higher temperatures (> 200 °C) on ionic conductivity. The relaxation mechanisms of grain and grain boundaries were investigated by the Summerfield scaling of AC conductivity. The highest total ionic conductivity of 2.48 × 10^-4 S/cm at 150 °C and 5.50 × 10^-3 S/cm at 250 °C was obtained for x = 0.1 in Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.6Zr_0.1(PO₄)₃ sintered at 950 °C/6 h in the air. The ionic conductivity value was found to be higher than the ionic conductivity reported for LATP prepared via solid-state reaction mechanism using the same precursors and conditions.     

Energy storage devices for future hybrid electric vehicles

Powertrain hybridization as well as electrical energy management are imposing new requirements on electrical storage systems in vehicles. This paper characterizes the associated vehicle attributes and, in particular, the various levels of hybrids. New requirements for the electrical storage system are derived, including: shallow-cycle life, high dynamic charge acceptance particularly for regenerative braking and robust service life in sustained partial-state-of-charge usage. Lead/acid, either with liquid or absorptive glass-fibre mat electrolyte, is expected to remain the predominant battery technology for 14 V systems, including micro-hybrids, and with a cost-effective battery monitoring system for demanding applications. Advanced AGM batteries may be considered for mild or even medium hybrids once they have proven robustness under real-world conditions, particularly with respect to cycle life at partial-states-of-charge and dynamic charge acceptance. For the foreseeable future, NiMH and Li-ion are the dominating current and potential battery technologies for higher-functionality HEVs. Li-ion, currently at development and demonstration stages, offers attractive opportunities for improvements in performance and cost. Supercapacitors may be considered for pulse power applications. Aside from cell technologies, attention to the issue of system integration of the battery into the powertrain and vehicle is growing. Opportunities and challenges for potential “battery pack” system suppliers are discussed.     

铅酸蓄电池自放电程度的人工神经网络检测

本文提出基于人工神经网络的铅酸蓄电池自放电程度检测方法,并以蓄电池开路端电压变化量、工作温度、蓄电池老化程度作为输入建立了BP神经网络。实例证明,BP神经网络检测蓄电池自放电程度的方法便捷可行,且具有较高准确性。     

Hybrid fuel cell and battery tramway control based on an equivalent consumption minimization strategy

This paper focuses on describing a control strategy for a real surface tramway powered by a hybrid system based on fuel cell and battery. This tramway, called Metro Centro, serves the centre of Seville, a city in Spain. Currently, it operates as catenary-powered tramway.The configuration and modeling of all principal components of the hybrid system are briefly described. The models, implemented in MATLAB-Simulink environment, have been designed from commercially available components. The implemented control is based on an equivalent consumption minimization strategy. It allows a suitable energy management of the hybrid system, minimizing the hydrogen consumption.     

基于遗传算法的锂离子电池等效电路参数识别

结合锂离子电池双极性等效电路模型提出了一种基于遗传算法的参数识别方法,该方法通过指数函数对电路模型中的电阻、电容、恒压源等元件进行有理逼近,根据电池在不同充放电速率下的输出电压特性数据,通过实数编码遗传算法得到最优的函数参数,从而得到最优的电阻、电容,开路电压等电路参数值,针对电池在不同的工作状态,不同的工作参数下的运行数据,系列仿真和实验结果表明该算法原理简明,收敛较快,辨识得到的最优模型其电压输出特性与电池的实际电压输出特性基本吻合,能较精确的反映电池的实际特性,具有较高的辨识精度。     

铅酸蓄电池负极添加剂的研究

用电化学方法对负极添加剂进行了筛选,发现生物碱对铅电极有积极影响;电池试验表明,生物碱可提高负极活性物质利用率。     

电动汽车电池及其充电问题

本文阐述了电动汽车电池的发展状况,并提出了各种充电方法,指出了大电流充电存在着多种问题。     

国内外失效电池的回收处理现状

介绍了失效干电池和锂离子电池的国内外回收技术与现状,指出我国在失效电池收集及回收处理方面的不足。回收处理失效干电池虽然经济效益差,但社会效益巨大,需要政府的大力扶持并制定相应的法律法规。相反,回收锂离子电池则可以产生很好的经济效益。     

Current trends in redox polymers for energy and medicine

Polymers with redox properties are electroactive macromolecules containing localized sites or groups that can be oxidized (loss of electrons) and reduced (gain of electrons). This review highlights trends in the chemistry, characterization and application of polymers with redox properties. In the first part, we overview the synthetic advances in the design of innovative redox polymers. Special attention is given to state-of-art techniques for the characterization of redox polymers and their important properties are also explained. The last part is devoted to the redox polymers applied in energy and medicine. First, the main redox polymers investigated in energy technologies such as batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, biofuel cells or thermoelectric cells are reviewed. Second, the emerging applications of redox polymers in medicine technologies such as drug delivery, biosensors, actuators or smart surfaces are explained in detail.     

激光焊接铅蓄电池端子及模拟技术

本文采用激光焊接法,而不是传统的喷灯焊接法来焊接铅蓄电池端子。这种方法使得蓄电池高度集成,从而便其能量密度大幅提高。运用CAE(计算机辅助工程分析),对激光焊接法的热变化过程进行了仿真,结果证明仿真技术是取得高质量焊接的根本。。