仿生微型机器人的研究与发展

仿生微型机器人是目前机器人发展的研究热点和趋势之一.本文对国内外仿生微型机器人的研究和开发作了综述和总结.指出了目前存在的问题,并对仿生微型机器人实用化的关键技术和发展趋势进行了探讨.     

Cover Picture: Fabricating Microlens Arrays by Surface Wrinkling (Adv. Mater. 24/2006)

The unique lateral confinement of a swelling polymer network leads to surface wrinkles that define a multitude of surface structures, including microlens arrays (background). The versatility of this approach, which is reported on p. 3238 by Crosby and Chan, allows for the realization of a variety of functional devices on both planar and nonplanar surfaces, such as synthetic compound lens structures (see inset).     

Cover Picture: Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Mimic Catalytic Activity of a Polysiloxane‐Synthesizing Enzyme (Adv. Mater. 10/2005)

A system that acts as a biomimetic of the silica‐synthesizing enzyme found in a marine sponge is reported by Morse and co‐workers on p. 1234. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are functionalized with the same organic moieties that are found in the enzyme's catalytic site. Interaction between the nucleophilic (OH‐terminated) and hydrogen‐bonding (imidazole‐terminated) GNPs, as shown on the cover, is required for the hydrolysis of a silicon alkoxide precursor and subsequent polycondensation to form silica at a low temperature and near‐neutral pH. Replacement of either of the required functional groups by a non‐reactive methyl group abolishes catalysis in this synthetic system, as it does in the biological enzyme. Cover art provided by Peter Allen.     

基于仿生模式识别理论的高阶神经网络说话人识别方法

根据一种全新的仿生模式识别理论,提出了采用神经网络实现并完成说话人识别的新方法。该方法利用高阶神经网络形成的复杂包络在特征空间中构造不同说话人的覆盖区域达到识别目的。相关实验证明,这种新的说话人识别方法只要通过少量样本的训练即可达到比传统方法更高的识别率。