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Thomachan.A. Kattakayam Sumanta Khan Kandadai Srinivasan 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》1996,44(1):25
This article describes the development of an instrumentation system for characterizing photovoltaic panels. It uses an add on card (which contains DAC, ADC and digital input/output ports) in conjunction with a PC-AT. The panels in a field are selected in succession through a set of relays actuated by the digital output port. The selected panel is loaded in discreet steps by a transistor loading circuit which is activated by the digital to analog convertor to trace the most significant portion of the I-V curve. The data shows that the power output is invariably lower than that specified by the manufacturer. The reasons for drop in output have been analyzed. It is shown that these effects can be represented by the curvature of I-V characteristic at the maximum power point (OP). The loss of power due to accumulation of dust and the increase in temperature of the panels can be significant. 相似文献
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Lyndsay A. Cartwright Sue Hayes Douglas C. Tozer Dan Clayton Mary-Ann Burns Dena Lewis Noah Gaetz Namrata Shrestha 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2021,47(2):273-282
Beneficial use impairments (BUIs) under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement identify environmental issues requiring remedial action within the Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs). We conducted this study to support the assessment of the wildlife component of BUI 3: degradation of fish and wildlife populations. We compared bird and amphibian (frogs and toads) data from the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority’s Terrestrial Long-term Monitoring Program in the Toronto and Region AOC to an adjacent, but otherwise similar, reference watershed, Duffins Creek. Twelve of 13 targets were met within the AOC for forest bird, wetland bird, meadow bird and amphibian populations based on averages of mean annual values at sites within the AOC that were within two standard deviations of averages at sites in the Duffins Creek reference watershed between 2008 and 2017. Even though wildlife populations within the AOC were within the normal range of variability expected from a reference watershed, they were often at lower levels than within the Duffins Creek reference watershed. In addition, forest bird and amphibian populations were negatively affected by urbanization within the AOC and meadow bird indices declined. We conclude that while wildlife populations within the AOC currently meet targets for BUI 3, they continue to be negatively impacted by numerous stressors that are primarily related to past and ongoing urbanization. Thus, continued restoration of wildlife habitat and protection of existing habitat within the AOC is highly recommended. 相似文献
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基于遗传算法的联合火力WTA问题研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究联合火力优化分配问题.联合火力是多种作战力量参战条件下的多武器-多目标对抗.由于火力分配受到多种条件的限制,分配方案又决定作战效果,而武器-目标分配(Weapon Target Assignment,WTA)是多个装备同类型武器的作战单元联合抗击多个目标进行的分配方法.针对WTA问题求解规模大和精度高的特点,传统算法均不能满足速度和精度的要求,在基本遗传算法的基础上,采用精英选择和动态遗传算子的改进算法,避免了过早收敛.利用WTA的数学模型进行仿真.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性. 相似文献
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为了实现对非致命防暴武器发射能量的调节并控制其终点效能,解决"近处不敢打,远处打不到"的问题,提出了恒量动能非致命打击武器系统这一全新理论,在选用了两相流内弹道模型的基础上,采用四阶龙格库塔法,利用MATLAB语言仿真技术进行编程测试,对改进型18.4mm防暴枪的内弹道进行数值仿真,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行分析比对,验证了内弹道模型和仿真结果的正确性,得到了发射过程中,膛内火药燃烧及燃气流动状态的变化规律,弄清了泄气孔位置、气室容积以及泄气孔半径对弹丸初速的影响规律,为非致命防暴武器的进一步发展打下了坚实的基础。 相似文献
6.
宝钢在生产K板过程中,在高锡层面易产生针尖状烧蚀缺陷.本文通过扫描电镜和光学轮廓仪观察了其微观形貌,应用能谱仪分析了烧蚀内部成分,并分析了缺陷的产生原因.结果表明,烧蚀呈火山口形貌,大小为0.2~0.6mm.其产生是由于带钢与软熔接地辊辊面接触不良引发局部大电流电弧放电,导致带钢局部温度急剧升高,引起板面锡层熔化而形成的.提出了预防该缺陷的措施:保持软熔接地辊辊面及淬水槽溶液清洁,并在软熔接地辊前增加热风喷吹装置.将上述措施应用于实际生产中,避免了镀锡K板板面烧蚀缺陷的产生. 相似文献
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针对目前机场驱鸟的迫切需要,本文设计了一种新型的驱鸟控制系统,将多种驱鸟方式整合在一起。通过视频监视模块将现场的鸟情实时地反映在监视屏上,工作人员根据不同的鸟情,选择不同的驱鸟方式,也可以多种驱鸟方式一起使用,以达到最好的驱鸟效果。 相似文献
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《材料科学技术学报》2019,35(11):2693-2704
Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models of carbon/epoxy composite laminates with copper mesh and aluminum mesh protection were established subjected to lightning strike, in which different mesh spacing was selected. Effectiveness of numerical method was verified and impulse current waveforms with different current peaks were applied according to aircraft lightning zones. Thermal-electrical material parameters varying with temperature were added into numerical models. Element deletion method was used to deal with lightning ablation elements of composite structures. The results show that ablation area and depth of composite laminates with metal mesh protection are significantly smaller, which proves good protection effectiveness of metal meshes on anti-lightning strike. The denser the mesh spacing, the better the anti-lightning strike will be. Protection of composite laminates with copper mesh has better effects than that of aluminum mesh. Considering the effect of mesh spacing variation on composite structural weight and anti-lightning strike, the ideal mesh spacing was obtained. 相似文献
10.
江级辉 《土木与环境工程学报》1998,20(1):107-111
构造地质学对走向断层造成的地层重复,缺失一直沿用C.M.Nevin的方法判断,此法比较繁琐。用以下法则可使其简捷:走向断层横剖面上如果上升盘地层扬起,则地表地层缺失;反之,如果上升盘地层倾伏,则地层重复。 相似文献