Agro-ecosystem modeling can aid in the optimization of biomass feedstock supply

Recent European Directives promoted the development of biofuels, requesting mandatory limits to their emissions ot greenhouse gases (GHG). Second-generation biofuels based on lignocellulosic biomass are prime candidates but their GHG emissions are variable and uncertain. Agro-ecosystem modeling can capture them and the performance of biofuel feedstocks.This study aimed at optimizing feedstock supply for a bioethanol unit in France, from agricultural residues, annual and perennial crops. Their productivity and environmental impacts were modelled on a regional scale using geo-referenced data on soil properties, crop management, land-use and future weather data. Several supply scenarios were tested. Cereal straw was the most efficient feedstock but had a low availability, and only miscanthus could meet the bioethanol plant's demand. Sorghum combined poor yields and high GHG emissions compared by miscanthus and triticale. A mix of three biomass sources used less than 3% of the regional agricultural land while abating GHG emissions by 60%.     

Bluetooth协议栈一致性测试

Bluetooth协议栈实现的一致性测试是保证不同厂商产品之间互连与互操作的基础。文章基于OSI协议一致性测试标准进行了Bluetooth协议一致性测试研究和实际测试,并以L2CAP层协议为例介绍了一致性测试的方法、结构、测试集的设计生成与完备性分析。     

氯霉素酶联免疫分析方法的建立

以兔抗氯霉素多抗为包被抗体,氯霉素（CAP）辣根过氧化物酶连接物为标记物,四甲基联苯胺（TMB）为显色底物,建立了氯霉素直接竞争酶联免疫分析（CAP-EIA）方法.本方法灵敏度为0.046 μg /L,批内变异系数＜10%,批间变异系数＜24%,回收率62%～145%.用牛奶样品预处理所得上清液为稀释液做得稀释实验,相关方程为y=3.988x-0.234, 相关系数为0.999.标准曲线范围为0.1～10 μg /L.     

基于Linux的蓝牙系统核心协议栈的设计与实现

本文设计与实现的基于Linux平台的Bluetooth核心协议栈主要由四个模块组成：服务发现协议SDF模块，逻辑链路控制与适配协议L2CAP模块，串行线路模拟协议RFCOMM模块和主机控制接口HCI模块。在本核心协议栈的设计过程中，始终将提高整个协议栈的执行效率作为第一目标。为提高协议栈的效率，对协议栈进行了设计优化，采用了状态自动机、散列技术、缓冲机制、开放式平台、硬件模拟技术等一些先进技术。     

UML和SDL在开发L2CAP协议中的结合运用

建模语言的选取对软件开发至关重要，选择合适的建模语言可提高软件开发的效率，产生高质量的软件。UML和SDL是运用最广泛的两种建模语言。该文在分析二者的优缺点的基础上，以开发L2CAP为例，阐述了如何在同一软件开发过程中运用UML和SDL。     

Iron Ore Sintering: Process

Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke). The purpose of the sintering process is manufacturing a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical) to be fed to the blast furnace. The process has been widely studied and researched in the iron and steelmaking industry to know the best parameters that allow one to obtain the best sinter quality. The present article reviews the sintering process that the mixture follows, once granulated, when it is loaded onto the sinter strand. There, the sinter mixture is partially melted at a temperature between 1300-1480°C and undergoes a series of reactions that forms the sinter cake to be loaded into the blast furnace to produce pig iron.     

CAP1400核电站接管和安全端焊接接头性能

研究CAP1400核电站接管和安全端焊接工艺性和接头力学性能。结果表明,焊接接头无损探伤和力学性能试验结果均满足设计要求。室温及350℃条件下,SA-508 Gr.3 Cl.2母材与690焊缝金属屈强比基本保持不变,但SA-182 F316LN屈强比下降较明显;焊接热循环导致焊接热影响区冲击韧性降低,在不同冲击试验温度下,SA-508 Gr.3 Cl.2吸收能量基本维持在230 J以上,但-21℃时母材热影响区吸收能量降低至150 J左右。     

Numerical Investigation on Residual Stresses of the Safe-End/Nozzle Dissimilar Metal Welded Joint in CAP1400 Nuclear Power Plants

The residual stress evolution in a safe-end/nozzle dissimilar metal welded joint of CAP1400 nuclear power plants was investigated in the manufacturing process by finite element simulation. A finite element model, including cladding, buttering, post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) and dissimilar metal multi-pass welding, is developed based on SYSWELD software to investigate the evolution of residual stress in the aforementioned manufacturing process. The results reveal a large tensile axial residual stress, which exists at the weld zone on the inner surface, leads to a high sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). PWHT process before dissimilar metal multi-pass welding process has a great influence on the magnitude and distribution of final axial residual stress. The risk of SCC on the inner surface of the pipe will increase if PWHT process is not taken into account. Therefore, such crucial thermal manufacturing process such as cladding, buttering and post-weld heat treatment, besides the multi-pass welding process, should be considered in the numerical model in order to accurately predict the distribution and the magnitude of the residual stress.     

采用基于特征的零件信息模型技术实现CAD／CAPP／CAM的集成

ＣＡＰＰ是工程设计的基本环节之一，是沟通ＣＡＤ与ＣＡＭ之间的桥梁．为了实现零件信息的交换和共享，通过统一的零件信息建模技术来实现ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＭ的集成，它为ＣＡＤ／ＣＭＰ／ＣＡＭ的集成提供一条切实可行的途径．     

Computer adaptive practice of Maths ability using a new item response model for on the fly ability and difficulty estimation

In this paper we present a model for computerized adaptive practice and monitoring. This model is used in the Maths Garden, a web-based monitoring system, which includes a challenging web environment for children to practice arithmetic. Using a new item response model based on the Elo (1978) rating system and an explicit scoring rule, estimates of the ability of persons and the difficulty of items are updated with every answered item, allowing for on the fly item calibration. In the scoring rule both accuracy and response time are accounted for. Items are sampled with a mean success probability of .75, making the tasks challenging yet not too difficult. In a period of ten months our sample of 3648 children completed over 3.5 million arithmetic problems. The children completed about 33% of these problems outside school hours. Results show better measurement precision, high validity and reliability, high pupil satisfaction, and many interesting options for monitoring progress, diagnosing errors and analyzing development.