The surface carboxyl group of carbonaceous microspheres effects on the synthesis and structure of SiOC ceramics

In this study, C/SiOC and C/SiO₂ composites were prepared by using carbonaceous microspheres with different surface functional groups. Carbonaceous microspheres based on hydrothermal reaction of glucose contains hydroxyl group, while the surface carboxyl group increases after NaOH etching. The hydroxyl group increases the oxygen-enriched structural units of SiOC ceramics, and the C spheres are closely enwrapped in SiOC matrix after pyrolysis at 900 °C. However, the interfacial reaction of surface carboxyl with Si–OH results in the formation of cristobalite SiO₂, and C spheres are not only encased inside the SiOC matrix, but also dispersed outside of SiOC ceramics. After removal of C via calcination at 500 °C for 5 h, C/SiOC and C/SiO₂ composites are transformed into amorphous SiO₂ and cristobalite SiO₂, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis indicates the oxidation resistance of SiOC is superior to that of C and SiO₂.     

论浙江石窗艺术的精神内涵和物质基础

浙江石窗艺术是浙江省非物质文化遗产中的一项民间美术,它是盛开在浙江大地上的一朵建筑民俗之花,它的精神内涵是当时社会思潮的折射,它的物质基础呈现了当时社会经济的发展水平。     

Carbonaceous-TiO2 nanomaterials for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants: A review

Semiconductor photocatalysis is one of most appealing and attractive technologies, which has been directly utilized to harvest solar energy for energy and environmental applications. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has been proved to be leading semiconductor photocatalyst for the degradation of pollutants. However, it suffers from low photocatalytic activity under visible light activation because of its intrinsic wide band gap. Various strategies have been developed to enhance TiO₂ efficiency in the visible light region. Among them TiO₂ modification with carbonaceous nanomaterials is very effective route for excellent photocatalytic activity. This critical review aims to present recent progress in the design and synthesis of carbonaceous-TiO₂ photocatalysts, covering carbon doping, activated carbon, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene. Moreover, proposed mechanisms of enhancement, effect of synthesis routes, demonstrations of performance and applications reported in literature are reviewed. Ongoing challenges and possible new directions are outlined.     

Sensing and identification of carbon monoxide using carbon films fabricated by methane arc discharge decomposition technique

Carbonaceous materials have recently received attention in electronic applications and measurement systems. In this work, we demonstrate the electrical behavior of carbon films fabricated by methane arc discharge decomposition technique. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of carbon films are investigated in the presence and absence of gas. The experiment reveals that the current passing through the carbon films increases when the concentration of CO₂ gas is increased from 200 to 800 ppm. This phenomenon which is a result of conductance changes can be employed in sensing applications such as gas sensors.     

丁腈橡胶热失重和热解动力学研究

以TGA为手段,研究了丁腈橡胶的组分含量及在氮气环境下的非等温热降解动力学,采用国际标准ISO 9924-2测定各成分,包括丁腈橡胶碳残余物的含量,采用Ozawa方法,计算了降解动力学活化能,结果表明:随降解率增加,NBR的降解活化能先增大后减小,最后趋于定值。     

湖北双河硒矿地质特征及成因浅析

本文介绍了双河硒矿地质特征、分布规律;阐述了成矿与碳酸盐台地海盆浅部沼泽(主要为藻沼)环境中局部出现的黑色炭质硅质岩相有关;矿质来源与火山活动有关;探讨了成矿机制;提出了该硒矿属于沉积-成岩-表生层控成因。     

四川广旺地区石煤资源开发利用研究

四川广旺含钒石煤主矿层属品位较富的钒矿资源，研究表明石煤中钒主要以Ｖ（Ⅲ）形式赋存于粘土矿物里。提钒过程中，焙烧是关键。它直接影响石煤中Ｖ（Ⅲ）向Ｖ（Ｖ）的价态转化率（ηｖ（ｖ））、Ｖ（Ｖ）进一步向可溶性的钒的转化率（η焙）及钒的浸出与沉淀。采用复合钠盐（ＮａＣｌ＋Ｎａ２ＳＯ４）焙烧比单一钠盐可提高焙烧转化率２％－５％。焙烧过程中钒的价态转化率与焙烧转化率存在着内在联系。     

铝电解槽炭渣的综合利用研究

研究了铝电解槽炭渣的组成和浮选法综合利用工艺。试验表明：浮选法能使炭渣中的炭和电解质得到良好的分离；浮选炭粉可用作制造自烙铝电解槽阳极的配料；浮选电解质经600℃焙烧后再用作铝电解质。本工艺流程简单，成本低，易于工业化应用。     

柳钢高炉喷吹混合煤的研究分析

通过测定无烟煤和贫瘦煤的理化性能，确定无烟煤与贫瘦煤合理配比为3：7，并计算高炉喷煤的煤焦置换比，分析高炉喷吹不同配比混合煤的效果。     

High rate capability of carbonaceous composites as anode electrodes for lithium-ion secondary battery

Anode materials with high rate capability for Li-ion secondary batteries were investigated by using the mixture of graphite, cokes, and petroleum pitch. Since obvious potential plateaus were obtained at graphite contents above 40 wt.%, which would cause difficulties in perceiving the capacity variations as a function of electrical potential, the graphite content were determined at 20–30 wt.%. The composites with a given content of graphite and remaining content of petroleum pitch/cokes mixtures at 1:4, 1:1, and 4:1 mass ratios were heated at a temperature range of 800–1200 °C. For a given composition of carbonaceous composite, the discharge rate capability improved but the reversible capacity decreased with increasing the heat treatment temperature. Although the reversible capacity increased with increasing content of the petroleum pitch for given graphite content and heat treatment temperature, the discharge rate capability decreased. The carbonaceous composites prepared by the mixture of 30 wt.% graphite and 70 wt.% petroleum pitch/cokes mixture at 1:4 mass ratio with the heat treatment at 800 °C showed relatively high electrochemical properties, of which reversible capacity, initial efficiency, discharge rate capability (retention of discharge capacity in 5 C/0.2 C) and charge capacity at 5 C were 312 mAh/g, 79%, 89% and 78 mAh/g, respectively.