压铸条件和淬火时效对GD—AlSi9Cu3合金力学性能的影响

通过改变压铸工艺参数和淬火时效，测定在静态载荷和动态循环载荷下ＧＤＡｌＳｉ９Ｃｕ３合金的力学性能和断裂力学性能，试验所获得的数据可用来估算压铸件的失效风险率     

浅析SRT-Ⅳ裂解炉炉管弯曲及断裂原因

主要分析计算了裂解炉炉管受力情况，进而得出结论：裂解炉自身结构的相互约束力和炉管渗碳是导致炉管弯曲、断裂的主要原因，并提出了相应的解决措施。     

耐候钢连铸工艺的改进

分析耐候钢连铸出现的问题,认为凝固时应力过大和磷铜元素偏析造成晶界脆化是出现铸坯纵裂的主要原因;结晶器中喂稀土丝恶化保护渣性能,影响结晶器与坯壳间的润滑与传热,并使热流不均匀是连铸漏钢的主因。采用钙处理代喂稀土丝工艺,以及减缓连铸一、二次冷却强度,改进保护渣后,连铸缺陷获得极大改善。     

Beyond Market Baskets: Generalizing Association Rules to Dependence Rules

One of the more well-studied problems in data mining is the search for association rules in market basket data. Association rules are intended to identify patterns of the type: A customer purchasing item A often also purchases item B. Motivated partly by the goal of generalizing beyond market basket data and partly by the goal of ironing out some problems in the definition of association rules, we develop the notion of dependence rules that identify statistical dependence in both the presence and absence of items in itemsets. We propose measuring significance of dependence via the chi-squared test for independence from classical statistics. This leads to a measure that is upward-closed in the itemset lattice, enabling us to reduce the mining problem to the search for a border between dependent and independent itemsets in the lattice. We develop pruning strategies based on the closure property and thereby devise an efficient algorithm for discovering dependence rules. We demonstrate our algorithm's effectiveness by testing it on census data, text data (wherein we seek term dependence), and synthetic data.     

有限构模器的扩展及其在形式化方法中的应用

规约在软件开发和验证中占有重要地位,对于以一阶逻辑为基础的规约,可以利用有限模型构造技术对其执行并测试,文中研究规约中某些特性的处理,包括存在量词以及二元关系析传递闭包,对已有的一个构模工具进行扩充,发现了文献中的若干错误。     

Obtaining mode mixity for a bimaterial interface crack using the virtual crack closure technique

We review, unify and extend work pertaining to evaluating mode mixity of interfacial fracture utilizing the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). From the VCCT, components of the strain energy release rate (SERR) are obtained using the forces and displacements near the crack tip corresponding to the opening and sliding contributions. Unfortunately, these components depend on the crack extension size, Δ, used in the VCCT. It follows that a mode mixity based upon these components also will depend on the crack extension size. However, the components of the strain energy release rate can be used for determining the complex stress intensity factors (SIFs) and the associated mode mixity. In this study, we show that several—seemingly different—suggested methods presented in the literature used to obtain mode mixity based on the stress intensity factors are indeed identical. We also present an alternative, simpler quadratic equation to this end. Moreover, a Δ-independent strain energy release based mode mixity can be defined by introducing a “normalizing length parameter.” We show that when the reference length (used for the SIF-based mode mixity) and the normalizing length (used for Δ-independent SERR-based mode mixity) are equal, the two mode mixities are only shifted by a phase angle, depending on the bimaterial parameter ε.     

A Continuum Mechanics Approach for Crack Initiation and Crack Growth Predictions

Very often, different approaches are used for crack initiation and crack growth predictions. The current article introduces a recently developed approach that can be used for the predictions of both crack initiation and crack propagation. A basic assumption is that both crack nucleation and crack growth are governed by the same fatigue damage mechanisms and a single fatigue damage criterion can model both stages. A rule is that any material point fails to form a fresh crack if the total accumulated fatigue damage reaches a limit. For crack initiation predictions, the stresses and strains are obtained either directly from experiments or though a numerical analysis. For the prediction of crack growth, the approach consists of two steps. Elastic‐plastic stress analysis is conducted to obtain the detailed stress‐strain responses. A general fatigue criterion is used to predict fatigue crack growth. Compact specimens made of 1070 steel were experimentally tested under constant amplitude loading with different R‐ratios and the overloading influence. The capability of the approach to predict both crack initiation and the crack growth under these loading conditions was demonstrated by comparing the predictions with the experimental observations.     

Finite element simulations of crack propagation in functionally graded materials under flexural loading

Cracks in stepped and continuously graded material specimens under flexural loading were investigated via finite element analysis. Calculation of mechanical energy release rates and propagation angles with crack-opening displacement correlation and the local symmetry (K_II = 0) criterion, respectively, provided results most efficiently and accurately, as compared with compliance and J-integral approaches and other deflection criteria. A routine was developed for automatic crack extension and remeshing, enabling simulation of incremental crack propagation. Effects of gradient profile and crack geometry on crack-tip stresses and crack propagation path are examined, and implications of these for optimal design of graded components against failure by fast fracture are discussed.     

FEM for evaluation of weight functions for SIF, COD and higher-order coefficients with application to a typical wedge splitting specimen

In the evaluation of accurate weight functions for the coefficients of first few terms of the linear elastic crack tip fields and the crack opening displacement (COD) using the finite element method (FEM), singularities at the crack tip and the loading point need to be properly considered. The crack tip singularity can be well captured by a hybrid crack element (HCE), which directly predicts accurate coefficients of first few terms of the linear elastic crack tip fields. A penalty function technique is introduced to handle the point load. With the use of these methods numerical results of a typical wedge splitting (WS) specimen subjected to wedge forces at arbitrary locations on the crack faces are obtained. With the help of appropriate interpolation techniques, these results can be used as weight functions. The range of validity of the so-called Paris equation, which is widely used in the evaluation of the COD from the stress intensity factors (SIFs), is established.