含铜抗菌不锈钢的应用研究现状

含铜(Cu)抗菌不锈钢是一类结构/功能一体化金属新材料,目前已经具备稳定的工业规模生产能力。为应对日常生活、医疗领域和海洋工程装备领域所遇到的细菌微生物污染问题,已经开发出适用于相应领域的多种含Cu抗菌不锈钢新材料。为了探索新阶段含Cu抗菌不锈钢的研发方向,综合介绍了含Cu抗菌不锈钢关键性能的研究进展及在多领域的应用现状,并分析了时代发展给该领域所带来的新的问题与挑战。     

时效温度对直接淬火Ni-Cr-Mo-V-Cu钢组织及性能的影响

利用OM、SEM、TEM及物理化学相等方法研究了时效温度变化对直接淬火Ni-Cr-Mo-V-Cu低合金钢组织及力学性能的影响,同时在具有最佳强韧性匹配的时效态试样中建立了屈服强度模型。Ni-Cr-Mo-V-Cu钢的直接淬火组织为马氏体和少量贝氏体组成的混合组织。直接淬火Ni-Cr-Mo-V-Cu钢在400~600 ℃范围内的不同温度时效处理后,其强度及维氏硬度表现出典型的欠时效阶段、峰时效阶段及过时效阶段。试验钢位错回复程度、MC及富铜粒子的析出、bcc铁基体中固溶元素的脱溶等因素随时效温度的变化是时效态试验钢表现出上述3个阶段的重要原因。时效态试验钢的断后伸长率大体随时效温度的提高而改善。过时效态试验钢的-20 ℃冲击性能则随着时效温度的升高而提高。直接淬火试验钢在600 ℃时效处理时获得优越的强韧性匹配,MC及富铜粒子所提供的总析出强化增量约为240 MPa。     

Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of a Cu-Bearing 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

The hot deformation behavior and processing map of Cu-bearing 2205 duplex stainless steel(2205-Cu DSS) were investigated at temperatures of 950-1150℃and strain rates of 0.01-10 s~(-1).The effects of Cu addition and different deformation parameters on deformation behavior were,respectively,characterized by analyzing flow curves,constitutive equations and microstructures.The results indicated that the shapes of flow curves strongly depended on the volume fraction of two phases.When deformed at low strain rate,DRV in ferrite was prompted with increase in the temperature and was further developed to continuous DRX.At high strain rate,flow localization preferentially occurred in ferrite at low deformation temperature due to the strain partitioning and relatively less fraction of ferrite.The activation energy for 2205-Cu DSS was 452 kJ/mol and was found to connect with the variation of strain,strain rate and deformation temperature.The optimum hot deformation parameters for 2205-Cu DSS were obtained in the temperature range of 1100-1150℃and strain rate range of 0.1-1 s~(-1)with a peak power dissipation efficiency of 41%.Flow localization was the main way to lead to flow instability.Meanwhile,the Cu-rich precipitates were generated within a few ferrite grains when deformed at temperature lower than 1000℃.The interaction between dislocations and Cu-rich precipitates at high strain rate,as well as the limited DRV in ferrite and DRX in austenite,contributed to the complex microstructure and flow behavior.     

Enhanced resistance of 2205 Cu-bearing duplex stainless steel towards microbiologically influenced corrosion by marine aerobic Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms

An antibacterial 2205-Cu duplex stainless steel(DSS)was shown to inhibit the formation and growth of corrosive marine biofilms by direct contact with copper-rich phases and the release of Cu~(2+)ions from the2205-Cu DSS surface.In this work,the microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)resistance of 2205-Cu DSS in the presence of the corrosive marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated.The addition of copper improved the mechanical properties such as the yield strength,the tensile strength and the hardness of 2205 DSS.Electrochemical test results from linear polarization resistance(LPR),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and critical pitting temperature(CPT)measurements showed that 2205-Cu DSS possessed a larger polarization resistance(R_p),charge transfer resistance(R_(ct))and CPT values,indicating the excellent MIC resistance of 2205-Cu DSS against the corrosive P.aeruginosa biofilm.The live/dead staining results and the SEM images of biofilm confirmed the strong antibacterial ability of 2205-Cu DSS.The largest pit depth of 2205-Cu DSS was considerably smaller than that of 2205 DSS after 14 d in the presence of P.aeruginosa(2.2μm vs 12.5μm).2205-Cu DSS possessed a superior MIC resistance to regular 2205 DSS in the presence of aerobic P.aeruginosa.     

HREM Observation of Age-Precipitated Particles in Practical Cu-bearing Ultra-Low Carbon Steels

Morphology,distribution and crystal structures of age-precipitated particles in practical Cu-bearing steels with ultra-low carbon were studied by high resolution electron microscopy(HREM).The age-precipitation behavior was explored when poly-microalloying elements Cu,Nb,Cr,Mo and Ni were used and ε-Cu particles coexisted with carbides(carbonitrides) in steels.The fine dispersed ε-Cu particles and carbides of microalloying element Nb,Cr,Mo being about 10 nm only in size were observed in peak aging specimens ...     

New strategy to delay food spoilage:Application of new food contact material with antibacterial function

Frequent food poisoning and food-borne diseases outbreaking in recent years have caused people to attach great attention to food safety,especially the food contact materials that are essential in the food industrial chains and daily lives,ensuring their clean sanitation are of great importance in blocking micro-bial contamination and spread of food-borne pathogens.Stainless steel(SS)is one of the most accepted and widely used food contact material,and the Cu-bearing SS possesses excellent antibacterial perfor-mance and maintains the original mechanical properties of SS,maybe making it a better substitute for the conventional SS in the food area.Taking advantages of bactericidal and antifouling properties of Cu-bearing SS,this study simulated a variety of food contact scenarios,explored a new strategy for food preservation and food safety by using Cu-bearing SS as a food contact material.The results showed that the Cu-bearing SS could not only delay the spoilage of different foods by inhibiting the activity of microor-ganisms in foods,but also reduce the expressions of spoilage traits of bacteria as well as the formation of biofilms by quenching the quorum-sensing signals,and further creating a good bacteriostatic atmo-sphere for the contacted food and its surrounding environment.In addition,the remarkable antifouling property of Cu-bearing SS would give the material a self-cleaning feature for food applications,which can avoid secondary contamination of food as a source of contamination.This study well demonstrates that the Cu-bearing SS has broad application potentials and prospects in the food area.     

载铜锌纳米羟基磷灰石的抗菌性能及机理研究

在常压下合成了纳米羟基磷灰石（n—HA）浆料，并在水介质中制备了载铜、载锌和载铜锌双离子n—HA抗菌材料．运用原子吸收光谱（AAS）、转靶X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）等手段对材料的理化性能进行了表征．并对该抗菌材料的抗菌性能进行了研究．结果表明，载铜和载铜锌双离子n—HA抗菌材料对革兰氏阴性菌E．coil和革兰氏阳性菌S．aureus均有较强的抑制和杀灭作用，而载锌n—HA的抗菌能力较弱．本文还通过实验探讨了该抗菌材料的抗菌机理．     

淬火温度对含铜5Cr15MoV马氏体不锈钢性能的影响

将含铜5Cr15MoV马氏体不锈钢在不同温度热处理并使用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、硬度测试和电化学测试等手段对其表征,研究了淬火温度对其组织、硬度以及耐蚀性能的影响.结果 表明,铜元素的添加提高了材料中残余奥氏体的体积分数,而使其硬度降低.淬火后钢中的...     

抗菌不锈钢材料及其发展现状

综述了各种抗菌不锈钢材料(包括加铜和加银的抗菌不锈钢、表面涂层抗菌不锈钢、抗菌复合不锈钢板)的抗菌机理、特点，应用和开发现状。在普通不锈钢内添加一定量的抗菌金属元素Cu，Ag，Zn等，控制铸造、锻压、轧制以及热处理过程，使抗菌金属元素在不锈钢基体内以一定的大小、形态，均匀弥散地析出，并保证析出相的体积百分比，在不降低普通不锈钢的力学性能和抗腐蚀性能的情况下，赋予其优异的抗菌性能。     

Aging of a copper bearing HSLA-100 steel

Investigations were carried out on aging of a HSLA-100 steel after varying amounts of cold deformation. Mechanical properties (hardness, tensile properties and toughness) were measured and structural changes were studied using optical, TEM and SEM techniques. As a result of various treatments, the hardness and UTS could be significantly improved, but with drastic fall in ductility and impact strength, especially in peak aged conditions. The parameters affecting impact strength were examined and it was concluded that various microstructural features affected toughness through their influence on tensile properties. In this steel the impact strength could be improved by lowering the UTS and increasing the ductility (pct elongation). The improvement in hardness and UTS was attributed to formation of thick precipitate-dislocation tangles. The aging process caused a slow transformation of lath martensite into acicular ferrite due to occurrence of in situ recrystallization. The concentration of Cu in particles precipitating on aging was followed using EDAX technique.