Probiotic biological strategies to decontaminate aflatoxin M1 in a traditional Iranian fermented milk drink (Doogh)

Aflatoxin M₁ is an important mycotoxin mostly found in milk and dairy products. The main objective of this work was to study the effects of probiotic strains, a probiotic inoculated population, the physiology of probiotic bacteria and final fermentation pH at four consecutive stages on the reduction of 0.500 ppb of free aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) in Doogh (a traditional Iranian fermented milk drink). Samples’ biochemical, microbial and AFM₁ binding characteristics were monitored during fermentation and storage (5 °C for 28 days). An immunoaffinity column was used to extract AFM₁ and a high-performance liquid chromatograph with a fluorescence detector was used to measure it. Results showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus was probiotic strain that most reduced free AFM₁. Inoculation of L. acidophilus at 9 log cfu/mL, despite the higher cost, revealed significantly higher free AFM₁ binding capacity than 7 log cfu/mL. Heat-killed (dead) L. acidophilus bacteria reduced less free AFM₁ at the end of storage than viable. Samples with a final fermentation pH of 4.5 bound more free AFM₁ during fermentation and storage than those with a pH of 4.2. It is concluded that inoculation of 7 log cfu/mL L. acidophilus viable cells in Doogh with a final fermentation pH of 4.5 supplied a safety- and health-promoting and cost-effective drink.     

基于人工嗅觉的酒类质量稳定性判别方法研究

酒类质量稳定性判别方法研究对企业的生产具有重要的指导意义。文中在概述人工嗅觉系统工作原理及其构成的基础上，研究确定了气体传感器阵列的构成。同时，运用假设检验、多元质量控制界等统计理论研究了质量稳定性的判别方法。实验结果表明，所提出的基于人工嗅觉系统的酒类质量稳定性判别方法是可行的。     

复合型野生植物保健饮料研究

通过正交实验对马齿苋、芦根、茅根、山楂、薄荷等野生植物的浸提工艺和其复合型饮料的配方进行了研究。结果表明马齿苋、芦根、茅根浸提加水量以(10g干重计)分别为150ml、150ml、250m1,在沸腾条件下浸提时间分别为15min、20min、25min;山楂、薄荷的浸提加水量分别为120ml和150ml,温度分别为45℃、65℃,浸提时间分别为450min、15min;最佳配方为(以浸提汁计)马齿苋46.88％、芦根7.03％、茅根11.72％、山楂7.5％、薄荷11.72％,50％的糖浆15.2％。     

植物蛋白饮料中脂肪含量的测定

对罗兹－哥特里伯法在植物蛋白饮料体系中加以应用的可行性进行了评价，证明上述方法经过适当改良后可用于豆奶等植物蛋白型饮料中脂肪含量的测定。在此基础上，对自制的谷物胚芽饮料产品中的脂肪含量进行了测定。经测定，自制玉米胚芽饮料中的脂肪含量为１．２１３％，自制小麦胚芽饮料中的脂肪含量为０．１６２％。     

从《扬州画舫录》看康乾时期的扬州餐饮

从《扬州画舫录》看 ,康乾时期的扬州餐饮业相当繁荣 ,官商并办的知名酒肆、茶肆、食肆林立 ,高档消费与普通消费相得益彰 ;淮扬菜点各式各样 ,菜品在口味上体现出南北交汇 (即咸甜适中 )的特色。康乾时期扬州餐饮业的特点为当代发展扬州餐饮提供了借鉴     

苯酚-硫酸法测定三七枸杞酒中多糖含量

目的建立三七枸杞酒中多糖含量的测定方法。方法三七枸杞酒中的多糖经苯酚-硫酸法显色后,利用紫外-可见分光光度计在490 nm波长处进行比色测定。结果苯酚-硫酸法测定三七枸杞酒中多糖方法稳定,精密度高,线性范围为0.02~0.1 mg/m L,相关系数为r~2=0.9998,平均回收率为99.89%。结论苯酚-硫酸法可作为三七枸杞酒中多糖含量测定的方法。     

桑叶饮料的研制

本文主要对桑叶饮料配方及生产工艺路线和工艺条件进行了研究。在桑叶饮料的生产加工过程中,我们选用超声波辅助水浴提取方法,浸提液通过抽滤,调配,均质,杀菌等一系列步骤最终制成桑叶饮料成品。通过对桑菊比,浸提液稀释度,麦芽糖醇和柠檬酸不同水平的正交试验,确定了桑叶饮料的最佳配方:桑叶1.28%,菊花0.32%,麦芽糖醇2.5%,柠檬酸0.012%。且添加0.08%的β-环糊精对桑叶中苦味物质进行包埋脱除,效果良好。     

动态图像法在果粒饮料粒度分析中的应用

目的提高果粒饮料的质量监控,改进产品配方,提升饮料的口感。方法采用动态图像法对果粒样品的最大FERET直径进行分析,建立一个粒度粒形与果粒型橙汁饮料口感的关系。结果最大FERET直径大于9 mm的颗粒基本为原始橙粒果肉原料,适当增加该成分对口感的提升有极大帮助。结论对于果粒饮料,动态图像分析法可以给出果粒的原始图形信息,且统计量大,代表性强,对其配方改进及生产质控具有密切的指导意义。     

The correlation between motoring and other types of offence

This paper examines the link between traffic offences and criminal offences in Great Britain statistically by linking offence data from two national sources: the Driving and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) and the Home Office. A stratified sample of over 52,000 drivers was selected from DVLA records and matched with the Home Office Offenders Index. The numbers of motoring and non-motoring offences committed by these drivers between 1999 and 2003 were compared at various levels of detail. The results demonstrate the strength of the relationship between the number of motoring and non-motoring offences committed. For example, men who committed between 4 and 8 non-motoring offences committed on average 21 times as many serious motoring offences as men who committed no non-motoring offences, and 3.9 times as many other motoring offences. The strongest relationship was found for the offence of driving while disqualified: on average, men who committed at least 9 non-motoring offences between 1999 and 2003 committed more than 100 times as many of these offences as men who committed no non-motoring offences. At the other extreme, the number of speeding offences was found to decrease with the number of non-motoring offences committed.     

Adolescent exposure to drink driving as a predictor of young adults’ drink driving

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of exposure to others’ drink driving during adolescence on self-reported driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol in young adulthood. Data were drawn from 1956 participants with a driving license enrolled in the International Youth Development Study from Victoria, Australia. During 2003 and 2004, adolescents in Grades 7, 9 and 10 (aged 12–17) completed questionnaires examining whether they had ridden in a vehicle with a driver who had been drinking, as well as other demographic, individual, peer and family risk factors for DUI. In 2010, the same participants (aged 18–24) then reported on their own DUI behaviour. 18% of young adults with a driving license reported DUI in the past 12 months. Exposure to others’ drink driving during adolescence was associated with an increased likelihood of DUI as a young adult (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.68–2.69). This association remained after accounting for the effects of other potential confounding factors from the individual, peer and family domains (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.23–2.13). Observing the drink driving behaviours of others during adolescence may increase the likelihood of DUI as a young adult. Strategies to reduce youth exposure to drink driving are warranted.