Using an integrated process of data and modeling in HRA

The paper describes an approach taken to estimate the probabilities of failure associated with various railroad tasks to prevent accidents (principally collisions and derailments). These probabilities were estimated using an expert elicitation process that used partially relevant data available from a variety of databases and that were filtered and scaled to make them more directly relevant to the analyses being performed. Extensive qualitative studies were performed prior to the elicitation process to identify relevant contexts under which the tasks can be performed.     

基于事例学习的建筑结构的虚拟实现

提出基于事例学习的目标规划问题,并进一步研究了建模思想的可行性和建模方法的可操作性。利用知识工程、机器学习理论,人工智能技术来存贮和运用专家的经验,实现了在虚拟环境中建筑结构设计、施工,设备的仿真试验,并可对初学者或尚无经验的设计、施工者进行培训学习。该项研究为目标规划问题开辟了基于事例学习的模型生成途径。     

Ethical issues concerning expert systems' applications in education

This article traces the connection between expert systems used as consultants in medicine and their design for instructional purposes in education. It is suggested that there are important differences between these applications. Recognizing these differences leads to the view that the development of intelligent computer-assisted instructions (ICAI) should be guided by empirical research into social/psychological consequences and by ethical inquiries into the acceptability of those consequences. Three proposals are put forward: (1) that the pedagogical role of intelligent CAI be clarified, (2) that forms of intelligent CAI be developed that aim primarily at refining rather than replacing human judgements, and (3) that ICAI research and development projects contain components which address ethical and social/psychological components and which are equitably-funded, integral parts of the overall development effort.This work was supported in part by funds from the Foundation of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte and from the State of North Carolina. An earlier version of this paper was read at the Human Dimension in Artificial Intelligence Symposium held at the University of Kentucky (April 1988).     

A prolog based expert system for the allocation of quality assurance program resources

The worldwide proliferation of fraudulent materials has brought about the need for a new approach to the control of purchased material quality. Nuclear power, defense, aerospace and many other industries are affected by the supply of poor quality clones that presume to be original replacement parts. Safety considerations abound as these highly defective materials are used in systems that are critical to the preservation of human lives. Commonly utilized quality assurance programs have not effectively stopped the influx of fraudulent materials. These programs fail to concentrate inspection efforts on materials and inspection attributes that would effectively prevent the acceptance of fraudulent materials. herein a solution is presented to this problem in the form of an expert system application. Information commonly available in industry is formulated into a knowledge based system wherein advisories are given to the user regarding key purchased material receipt inspection strategies.     

面向对象系统中的特性表机制与复合对象

本文主要讨论特性表机制与复合对象的概念、功能及实现．在基于知识的面向对象系统中引入特性表机制与复合对象概念的目的在于增强系统的知识表达能力．文中提出的特性表机制包括了三种类型的特性说明表：类说明特性表、继承关系特性表和变量特性说明表．复合对象在系统中是通过引入一个称为“影子类”的新概念来构造和实现的．     

Law,liability and expert systems

This paper examines some of the possible legal implications of the production, marketing and use of expert systems. The relevance of a legally useful definition of expert systems, comprising systems designed for use both by laymen and professionals, is related to the distinctions inherent in the legal doctrine underlying provision of goods and provision of services. The liability of the sellers and users of, and contributors to, expert systems are examined in terms of professional malpractice as well as product liability. A recurring theme indicates that legislators may be inclined to restrict possibilities of liability suits in order to avoid disincentives to the creation of expert systems.     

Accuracy of teacher judgments in predicting oral reading fluency.

The relationship between teachers' judgments versus actual performance on curriculum-based measures in reading was examined. A total of 30 regular education teachers were asked to predict the oral reading fluency score of students along with a rating scale of reading subskills. Correlations between teacher judgment measures and student performance found that teachers were accurate reporters of student performance levels in reading. However, some questions were raised whether teachers were accurate at predicting the actual level of student oral reading fluency when effect sizes were used to compare teacher judgment and actual student performance. Recommendations for continued research in understanding the parameters of the accuracy of teacher judgment are made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

实时专家智能控制系统与外部控制过程的数据通信

本文介绍一个实时专家智能控制系统EICS.文中着重简述了专家系统与控制过程的数据通信方法、程序接口.     

A KBES for integrated engineering

The expert process of engineering involves application of knowledge fundamental to the engineering process at one end, and of compiled knowledge in the form of heuristics gained through many years of experience at the other. Developments in Artificial Intelligence have made the process of computer aided engineering richer by enabling the simulation of this human process of engineering, which until now has been difficult to capture. Knowledge Based Expert Systems (KBES) in engineering developed so far have addressed only narrow domains of the entire process of engineering. This paper discusses a KBES shell (IES) that integrates various AI technologies, which makes it possible to implement new problem-solving strategies required for efficient handling of the entire engineering process. Issues in the integrated process of engineering are discussed first, in order to evolve a specification for the shell. The blackboard architecture is shown to be the ideal backbone for such a shell. The details of inference techniques, the knowledge based backtracking mechanism and the DBMS used in the IES are presented. The application of the IES is demonstrated using the domain of integrated engineering of steel industrial structures as an example. This application encompasses the engineering activities of conceptual design, detailed design, documentation and construction planning.