Comparison of finite element reliability methods

The spectral stochastic finite element method (SSFEM) aims at constructing a probabilistic representation of the response of a mechanical system, whose material properties are random fields. The response quantities, e.g. the nodal displacements, are represented by a polynomial series expansion in terms of standard normal random variables. This expansion is usually post-processed to obtain the second-order statistical moments of the response quantities. However, in the literature, the SSFEM has also been suggested as a method for reliability analysis. No careful examination of this potential has been made yet. In this paper, the SSFEM is considered in conjunction with the first-order reliability method (FORM) and with importance sampling for finite element reliability analysis. This approach is compared with the direct coupling of a FORM reliability code and a finite element code. The two procedures are applied to the reliability analysis of the settlement of a foundation lying on a randomly heterogeneous soil layer. The results are used to make a comprehensive comparison of the two methods in terms of their relative accuracies and efficiencies.     

应用程序的自动发布服务:APS

ＷＷＷ除了在信息领域可以发挥作用之处,在计算领域同样很有潜力．人们试图在ＷＷＷ上构建一个虚拟的分布式计算环境ＷＷＷＣ,使得用户可以透明地远程使用ＷＷＷ上的计算资源．本文提出了一种基于ＷＷＷ的自动发布普通应用程序的思想,我们称它为ＡＰＳ．ＡＰＳ不仅构建ＷＷＷＶＣ的初步研究,它本身还有很现实的意义．本文介绍了普通程序的思想,我们称它的一个扩充应用．     

Reliability analysis of TLP tethers under impulsive loading

In the present study, reliability assessment of Tension Leg Platform (TLP) tethers against maximum tension (i.e. tension exceeding yield) has been carried out under combined action of extreme wave and impulsive forces. For this purpose, a nonlinear dynamic analysis of TLP has been carried out in time domain. A limit state function for maximum tension (i.e. tension exceeding yield) has been derived employing Von-Mises theory of failure. Using this derived limit state function and responses obtained after dynamic analysis under sinusoidal, half-triangular and triangular impulsive forces, reliability assessment of the TLP tethers has been carried out. Design point, important for probabilistic design of tethers, has been located on the failure surface after solving a constrained optimization problem. To study the influence of various random variables on tether reliability, sensitivity analysis has been carried out. Effects of angle of impact; effect of variable submergence; and effect of material yield strength on tether reliability have also been studied on parametric basis. Effect of uncertainty on overall tether reliability has also been discussed to show the importance of quality control in the various design parameters.     

Web表单数据加密和签名组件的设计与实现

在Web应用中，数据的交换主要通过Web页面中的FORM表单来实现。为了确保数据的安全，有必要在浏览器中对Web页面里的FORM表单数据进行加密和签名，在服务器端对数据解密和验证。为此笔者设计了一个对FORM数据进行加密和签名，解密和验证的组件，实现了对FORM数据的加解密、身份验证和数据完整性验证等功能。其优点是应用方便，甚少占用服务器资源。     

No More Stopping

The dissolution of the conventional breaking points in the construction and completion phases of a building's delivery has blurred ‘the distinction between the production of design intent and the transmission of information’. Here Richard Garber , Director of the School of Architecture at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), advocates that architects should use this as an opportunity to widen their remit, gaining agency and with it responsibility and the financial rewards to practice. Here he draws from the examples of UNStudio, GLUCK+ and his own New-York based practice, GRO Architects.     

基于线性化Nataf变换的一次可靠度方法

首先引入等概率边缘变换的基本原理,证明了常用的Rackwitz-Fiessler变换是等概率边缘变换的一次近似形式,将当量正态化原理和线性变换相结合,提出了扩展的Rackwitz-Fiessler变换,并指出其存在的缺点。然后针对Nataf变换的非线性特征,提出了线性化Nataf变换,并将该变换与改进的HLRF算法相结合,给出了基于线性化Nataf变换和iHLRF算法的一次可靠度方法。将Nataf变换、线性化Nataf变换和扩展的Rackwitz-Fiessler变换通过算例进行了对比分析,结果表明:采用线性化Nataf变换的结构可靠度分析结果收敛于采用Nataf变换的计算结果,而采用扩展的Rackwitz-Fiessler变换的计算结果则有较大的误差。     

A generalization of the Nataf transformation to distributions with elliptical copula

In the first article [Lebrun R, Dutfoy A. An innovating viewpoint of the isoprobabilistic Nataf transformation with the copula theory within exceedance threshold uncertainty analysis. Probabilistic Structure Engineering Structural Reliability. 2008 [in press]], we showed that the Nataf transformation is a way to model the dependence structure of a random vector by a normal copula, parameterized by its correlation matrix. Following this analysis, we propose an extension of this transformation to any elliptical copula, and give the equivalent of the First Order Reliability Method (FORM) and the Second Order Reliability Method (SORM) for this generalization. In particular, we derive the Breitung asymptotic approximation in this new context.     

ORACLE关系数据库中SQL＊FORM的触发器

本文介绍了ＯＲＡＣＬＥ数据库系统中ＳＱＬ＊ＦＯＲＭ触发器的几种使用方法和技巧。     

Experience with approximate reliability-based optimization methods II: an exhaust system problem

Traditional reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) requires a double-loop iteration process. The inner optimization loop is to find the reliability and the outer is the regular optimization loop to optimize the RBDO problem with reliability objectives or constraints. It is known that the computation can be prohibitive when the associated function evaluation is expensive. This situation is even worse when a large number of reliability constraints are present. As a result, many approximate RBDO methods, which convert the double loop to a single loop, have been developed. In this research, an engineering problem with a large number of constraints (144) is designed to test RBDO methods based on the first-order reliability method (FORM), including single- and double-loop methods. In addition to the number of constraints, this problem possesses many local minimums. Some original authors of the RBDO methods are also asked to solve the same problem. The results and the efficiencies for different methods are published and discussed.