Fate of the chlorine and fluorine in a sub-bituminous coal during pyrolysis and gasification

The fate of the chlorine and fluorine present in a sub-bituminous coal from Indonesia during pyrolysis and gasification has been studied with fixed and entrained bed reactors. The rate profile for HCl evolved in the temperature programmed pyrolysis exhibits the main and shoulder peaks at 480 and 600 °C, respectively. Model experiments and subsequent Cl 2p XPS measurements show that HCl reacts with metal impurities and carbon active sites at 500 °C to be retained as inorganic and organic chlorine forms, from which HCl evolves again at elevated temperatures. It is suggested that the HCl observed in the coal pyrolysis may originate from the above-mentioned chlorine functionalities formed by secondary reactions involving the nascent char. In the CO₂ gasification of the 900 °C char at 1000 °C and 2.5 MPa, any measurable amounts of HCl and HF could not be detected even at a high conversion of 75 wt% (daf), suggesting the accumulation of these halogens in the residual char. When the coal is injected into an O₂-blown, entrained bed gasifier at 1200-1400 °C under 2.6 MPa, the partial oxidation proceeds to a larger extent at a higher O₂/coal ratio, whereas the chlorine and fluorine are enriched in the remaining char, and the extent of the enrichment at the latter stage of gasification is larger with the fluorine. The XPS measurements of the chars reveal the presence of the broad F 1 s peak, which can cover a wide range of binding energies attributable to inorganic and organic fluorine. The halogen enrichment during gasification is discussed in terms of secondary reactions of HCl and HF with char.     

一种用于高T;无卤覆铜板的含氮酚醛树脂的制备方法

文章涉及一种新型含氮树脂的制备方法,替代传统的含氮树脂,使用溶剂充分溶解,作为含磷树脂的固化剂,可用于无卤覆铜板的生产,所得覆铜板的性能均一,T;180 ℃以上,耐热性T288 ℃约为10 min。     

无卤阻燃剂复配阻燃HIPS的性能研究

研究了不同配比的红磷阻燃母料(RPM)与氢氧化镁(MH)协同阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)体系的阻燃性能和机械性能。并选取最佳红磷阻燃母料与氢氧化镁的配比,再分别与其他无卤阻燃剂如酚醛树脂、氧化锌、氰尿酸三聚氰胺盐、有机纳米蒙脱土复配来共同阻燃HIPS,并分别对其体系的机械性能和阻燃性能进行了研究。结果表明,在RPM/MH质量比为1,总质量分数为30%时,与7%的酚醛树脂或有机纳米蒙脱土复配,都可以使阻燃HIPS材料达到1.6 mm UL94的V-1级。     

从邻氯硝基苯制造邻氟硝基苯的反应动力学

从邻氯硝基苯制造邻氟硝基苯的反应动力学徐敬柱，石祖芸，洪朝锽（浙江大学化工系）关键词邻氟硝基苯；相转移催化剂；反应动力学；卤交换反应１前言由于氟原子的引入，含氟有机化合物大多具有其它有机化合物所不能比拟的特点。含氟有机化合物独特而优良的性能引起人们对...     

用低烟无卤阻燃剂聚烯烃材料制造复合编织布研究

概述:传统的塑料包装布主要是聚烯烃塑料编织布,其中的高聚物属易燃、可燃材料,在燃烧时热释放速率大、热值高、火焰传播速度快、不易自熄、延燃性强,燃烧时还会产生浓烟或有毒、有害、有腐蚀性的气体,对环境造成二次性危害,对人的生命安全带来巨大的威胁。此种编织布遇火极易引起燃烧,故适用范围受到限制。     

接枝改性无卤阻燃聚丙烯的研究

采用接枝改性手段把含有极性基团的乙烯基单体引入非极性的PP大分子骨架，将PP功能化，再与非卤阻燃剂如含NH2基的P－N膨胀型阻燃剂等进行大分子反应，制备了非卤阻燃聚丙烯母粒。着重探讨了含极性基团的乙烯基单体种类及用量等因素对PP阻燃性的影响。在PP大分子链上接枝含极性基团的乙烯基单体，可显著提高PP的阻燃性能；在双单体接枝体系中，单体A与C的配比为10／30时，最高氧指数可达32．0。     

低烟无卤阻燃色条光缆的研制

本文主要介绍了低烟无卤阻燃色条光缆的研制，包括该产品的护套工艺流程、低烟无卤阻燃护套料的性能、对挤出机的要求、烘干工艺、温度控制、色母料配比、色条缆模具设计等。     

Halogen lamp–microwave combination baking of cookies

The effects of halogen lamp–microwave combination baking on the quality of cookies in terms of texture, color and spread ratio were studied. In addition, gelatinization and pasting properties of cookies baked in different ovens were assessed by using a Rapid Visco Analyzer. The hardness values of the cookies increased with increasing baking time and/or halogen power. The microwave power also contributed to cookie hardness. The lightness values of the cookies decreased, while the a* and E values increased linearly during baking at different halogen lamp and microwave powers. The spread ratio of conventionally baked cookies was significantly lower than that of the other cookies. Halogen lamp power, microwave power and baking time were found to have a significant effect on the spread ratio of the cookies. The moisture contents of the cookies decreased during baking as the halogen lamp and/or the microwave power level increased. The best baking condition in a halogen lamp–microwave combination oven to produce cookies having similar quality parameters as conventionally baked ones was baking at 70% halogen lamp and 20% microwave power levels for 5.5 min. The baking time of these cookies is half of that required in conventional baking.     

卤素原子在化学气相淀积金刚石薄膜过程中的作用

根据非平衡热力学耦合模型计算得到了碳氢氟和碳氢氯体低压金刚石生长的非平衡定态相图，计算与大量实验事实符合良好。