内模原理在转台波动力矩抑制中的应用

为了消除系统存在的周期性扰动特别是干扰力矩对系统速率平稳性能的影响,本文对基于内模原理的自适应周期性扰动抑制方法进行了研究,利用该控制策略能够较好的抑制含单一频率、多种频率和时变频率的周期性扰动.并且对扰动频率变化较快时频率估计中出现的波动现象进行了分析.该方法在测试转台模型上进行了仿真,仿真结果显示出了良好的扰动频率辨识能力和对扰动的抑制能力.     

整合营销传播理论与新广告主义革命

整合营销传播（IMC）理论在广告业界的导入并未完成中国广告传播理念的根本性转移。中国广告尚期待一场深层意义上的实践性变革,即实现从集＂销售主义＂大成的＂整合营销传播（IMC）＂到＂人文关怀与社会关怀＂相融汇的新广告范式建构,亦即本文所论及的＂新广告主义革命＂,以此完成广告传播的观念重建,最终实现从以物为本到以人为本的根本性变革。     

锅炉过热蒸汽压力控制系统设计与实现

针对工业过程中具有大惯性、大滞后和模型参数时变等特性的蒸汽出口压力系统,采用常规PID控制方法,往往无法得到满意的控制效果.为此,提出采用三自由度内模控制-模糊自适应PID算法,通过最小二乘原理辨识主蒸汽压力对象的内部模型,实现对蒸汽出口压力系统的串级控制.该控制系统融合了模糊控制、内模控制、PID控制3种方法的特点,程序设计简单,便于工业应用.通过仿真和PCS7实验表明,该方案增强了系统抗干扰能力和鲁棒性能,改善了系统的控制品质.     

A new control method for MIMO first order time delay non-square systems

This paper proposes a new method using internal model control (IMC) to design Smith delay compensation decoupling controller for multivariable non-square systems with transfer function elements consisting of first order + time delay. This proposed method is applied to a shell control problem in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) first order plus dead time non-square systems in which the number of input variables exceeds the number of output variables, with input and output variables being 3 and 2 respectively. This method does not only dynamically compensate for shortcoming caused by static decoupling but also overcomes the impact of model error on system performance caused by model approximation and uncertainty. In other words, the design method proposed in this paper is capable of significantly improving dynamic quality and robustness of the control system as can be seen from the simulation results. Moreover, this new method is simple and easy to implement. Integral of squared error (ISE) performance criterion is employed to quantitatively evaluate the design method.     

Multivariable disturbance observer-based H2 analytical decoupling control design for multivariable systems

In this paper, an H₂ analytical decoupling control scheme with multivariable disturbance observer for both stable and unstable multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) systems with multiple time delays is proposed. Compared with conventional control strategies, the main merit is that the proposed control scheme can improve the system performances effectively when the MIMO processes with severe model mismatches and strong external disturbances. Besides, the design method has three additional advantages. First, the derived controller and observer are given in analytical forms, the design procedure is simple. Second, the orders of the designed controller and observer are low, they can be implemented easily in practice. Finally, the performance and robustness can be adjusted easily by tuning the parameters in the designed controller and observer. It is useful for practical application. Simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Tuning PI controllers for stable processes with specifications on gain and phase margins

In industrial practice, controller designs are performed based on an approximate model of the actual process. It is essential to design a control system which will exhibit a robust performance because the physical systems can vary with operating conditions and time. Gain and phase margins are well known parameters for evaluating the robustness of a control system. This paper presents a tuning algorithm to design and tune PI controllers for stable processes with a small dead time while meeting specified gain and phase margins. Simulation examples are given to demonstrate that the proposed design method can result, in a closed-loop system, in better performances than existing design methods which are also based on user-specified gain and phase margins.     

Extension of IMC tuning correlations for non-self regulating (integrating) processes

The filter term of a PID with Filter controller reduces the impact of measurement noise on the derivative action of the controller. This impact is quantified by the controller output travel defined as the total movement of the controller output per unit time. Decreasing controller output travel is important to reduce wear in the final control element. Internal Model Control (IMC) tuning correlations are widely published for PI, PID, and PID with Filter controllers for self regulating processes. For non-self regulating (or integrating) processes, IMC tuning correlations are published for PI and PID controllers but not for PID with Filter controllers. The important contribution of this work is that it completes the set of IMC tuning correlations with an extension to the PID with Filter controller for non-self regulating processes. Other published correlations (not based upon the IMC framework) for PID with Filter controllers fix the filter time constant at one-tenth the derivative time regardless of the model of the process. In contrast, the novel IMC correlations presented in this paper calculate a filter time constant based upon the model of the process and the user's choice for the closed-loop time constant. The set point tracking and disturbance rejection performance of the proposed IMC tunings is demonstrated using simulation studies and a bench-scale experimental system. The proposed IMC tunings are shown to perform as well as various PID correlations (with and without a filter term) while requiring considerably less controller action.     

永磁同步曳引机变频调速系统的内模控制

永磁同步曳引机是典型的非线性多变量强耦合系统,在同步旋转坐标系下dq轴电流存在耦合,传统的PI控制器无法实现解耦,提出一种基于内模控制原理和空间矢量算法相结合的高性能永磁同步曳引机解耦控制方法,用内模控制策略控制理想电机模型,对定子电流交叉耦合电势动态解耦,提高系统的动态响应性能,同时在整个电流闭环过程中对参数摄动和外扰动具有良好的鲁棒性,这种方法不需要额外的电机参数和检测硬件,试验结果验证了这种方法有效可行。     

谷氨酸发酵菌体浓度的内模控制

针对由于缺乏可靠的生物传感器,谷氨酸发酵中重要的生物参数—菌体浓度不能在线测量,更不能对其实现控制的情况,提出了基于径向基神经网络的内模控制。既解决了由于谷氨酸发酵内部机理复杂而难以建立菌体浓度模型的难题,又实现了谷氨酸菌体浓度的内模控制;同时也解决了内模控制中逆模型建模的问题。仿真结果表明,该方法实现了谷氨酸菌体浓度的有效控制,鲁棒性强、抗干扰能力好,具有良好的实际应用和推广价值。     

Effect of Fe Content on the Interfacial Reliability of SnAgCu/Fe-Ni Solder Joints

Fe-Ni films with compositions of Fe-75Ni, Fe-50Ni, and Fe-30Ni were used as under bump metallization （UBM） to evaluate the interracial reliability of SnAgCu/Fe-Ni solder joints through ball shear test, high temperature storage, and temperature cycling. The shear strengths for Fe-75Ni, Fe-5ONi, and Fe-3ONi solder joints after reflow were 42.57, 53.94 and 53.98 MPa, respectively, which were all satisfied the requirement of industrialization （〉34.3 MPa）. High temperature storage was conducted at 150, 175 and 200 ℃. It was found that higher Fe content in Fe-Ni layer had the ability to inhibit the mutual diffusion at interface region below 150 ℃, and the growth speed of intermetallic compound （IMC） decreased with increasing Fe concentration. When stored at 200 ℃, the IMC thickness reached a limit for all three films after 4 days, and some cracks occurred at the interface between IMC and Fe-Ni layer. The activation energies for the growth of FeSn2 on Fe-30Ni, Fe-5ONi, and Fe-75Ni films were calculated as 246, 185, and 81 kJ/mol, respectively. Temperature cycling tests revealed that SnAgCu/Fe-5ONi solder joint had the lowest failure rate （less than 10%）, and had the best interfacial reliability among three compositions.