Ions motion algorithm for solving optimization problems

This paper proposes a novel optimization algorithm inspired by the ions motion in nature. In fact, the proposed algorithm mimics the attraction and repulsion of anions and cations to perform optimization. The proposed algorithm is designed in such a way to have the least tuning parameters, low computational complexity, fast convergence, and high local optima avoidance. The performance of this algorithm is benchmarked on 10 standard test functions and compared to four well-known algorithms in the literature. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to show very competitive results and has merits in solving challenging optimization problems.     

Selective Transport of Bismuth Ions through Supported Liquid Membrane

A new supported liquid membrane (SLM) system was prepared for the selective transport of bismuth ions from the aqueous feed into the aqueous permeate phase. The support of the SLM was a thin porous polypropylene or polyvinylidene fluoride membrane impregnated with diisooctyldithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 301) as mobile carrier in 4‐chloroacetophenon as organic solvent. Cyanex 301 acts as a highly selective carrier for the uphill transport of bismuth ions through the SLM. In the presence of HNO₃ as a metal ion acceptor in the strip solution, the transport of bismuth ions into the strip side reached 70 % of the initial feed concentration after 3.5 hours. The selectivity and efficiency of bismuth transport from aqueous solutions containing different mixtures of cations were investigated. In the presence of P₂O₇^2– ions as suitable masking agent in the feed solution, the interfering effects of other cations were completely eliminated. The selective transport of bismuth through SLM is superior to liquid‐liquid extraction or through bulk liquid membranes. This is due to the high efficiency. The SLM reduces the solvent requirements, combines extraction and stripping operations in a single process and allows the use of highly selective extractants. The system may be applied to samples containing very low bismuth concentrations.     

无离群数据影响的水污染离子在线监测研究

采用离子选择性电极和电位恒定的参比电极作为敏感头,与高输入阻抗、高精度的电位计组成传感器,以LabVIEW为开发平台的虚拟仪器,通过数据采集卡,实时在线监测水体中多种离子含量,并对数据进行整理,以消除离群数据的影响,为水质污染的在线监测提供了一种具有理论指导意义和实用价值的新方法.     

线芯发黑的SBEMB线的性能检测

针对双玻璃丝包薄膜绕包铜扁线(SBEMB线)在使用中常发生线芯表面发黑的现象，测定了发黑线的米电阻和正常情况下高湿度环境放置一段时间后及放置于蒸馏水中一段时间后再烘干的线的击穿电压。试验结果表明，线芯发黑的线在高湿度环境下，由于微量离子的作用，击穿电压虽有下降，但仍高于国标要求。通过测定击穿电压，便可确定发黑线能否使用。     

Characteristics of L-lactic Acid Production byRhizopus oryzae mutant RL6041

A high-yield mutant strain Rhizopus oryzae RL6041 induced by ions implantation was used in the present study. L (+)-lactic acid was generated by RL6041 grown on liquefied corn starch as a substrate. With optimal conditions (Liquefied corn starch 150g/L, (NH₄)₂SO₄ 2.0g/L, MgSO₄·7H₂O 1.0g/L, ZnSO₄·7H₂O 2g/L, KH₂PO₄ 0.2g/L, CaCO₃ 8%, medium size 20/250Ml, seed age 6h, fermentation temperature 38° C), the yield of L (+)-lactic acid in shake-flask reached 133～136g/L after 36h, indicating that the conversion rate was as high as 88%～91%, and the productivity was 3.75g/L·h. There was almost a 70% increase in lactic acid production compared with the original strain RE3303.     

氮离子注入选育高效发酵木糖生产L(+)-乳酸的米根霉

为了获得能够高效发酵木糖生产L( )-乳酸的菌株,采用氮离子注入诱变方法,对出发菌株米根霉RLC41-6进行改良,获得高产L( )-乳酸菌株RQ4012,发酵周期为72h,产酸能力达74.37g/L,产酸速率达1.03g/(L.h),比RLC41-6提高了1.6倍.经过多次传代实验证明该菌株具有较好的遗传稳定性.     

用Ce~(4 )为引发剂的MMA真丝接枝的研究

本文对由 Ce~(4 )引发的、在真丝上的 MMA(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)接技共聚的反应体系,进行了研究。实验结果表明,接枝反应的速率取决于引发剂及单体的浓度,反应温度和真丝性质的差异。此外,还研究了不同种类稀土离子 Ce~(4 )和硫酸铜浓度对该反应速率的影响。     

应用离子敏场效应晶体管的数字式pH计的探讨

本文就发展敏感器件—离子敏场效应晶体管(ISFET)的重要性、pH计的组成方式以及如何提高其性能等,从理论和实践上进行了探讨,提出了一些有益的看法。     

Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Astrophysics

Over the past 15 years, thanks to significant, parallel advancements in observational, experimental, and theoretical techniques, tremendous strides have been made in our understanding of the role polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the interstellar medium (ISM). Twenty years ago, the notion of an abundant population of large, carbon-rich molecules in the ISM was considered preposterous. Today, the unmistakable spectroscopic signatures of PACs--shockingly large molecules by previous interstellar chemistry standards--are recognized throughout the universe. In this article, we will examine the interstellar PAC model and its importance to astrophysics, including: (a) the evidence which led to inception of the model, (b) the ensuing laboratory and theoretical studies of the fundamental spectroscopic properties of PAC by which the model has been refined and extended, and (c) a few examples of how the model is being exploited to derive insight into the nature of the interstellar PAC population.     

X-ray spectra emitted by Cl ions in ECRIS plasmas

We study the contribution of the most important processes leading to the creation of excited states of Cl¹⁴⁺ ions from the ground configurations of Cl ions in an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS), which lead to the emission of K X-ray lines. Theoretical values for inner-shell excitation, K and KL ionization cross-sections, and energies and transition probabilities for the de-excitation processes are calculated in the framework of the Multi-Configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method. With reasonable assumptions about the electron energy distribution, a theoretical Kα X-ray spectrum is obtained, which reproduces closely a recent experimental result.