全文获取类型
收费全文 | 31398篇 |
免费 | 1742篇 |
国内免费 | 2187篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 874篇 |
综合类 | 1579篇 |
化学工业 | 7098篇 |
金属工艺 | 3489篇 |
机械仪表 | 2282篇 |
建筑科学 | 391篇 |
矿业工程 | 223篇 |
能源动力 | 1730篇 |
轻工业 | 2193篇 |
水利工程 | 94篇 |
石油天然气 | 546篇 |
武器工业 | 231篇 |
无线电 | 4577篇 |
一般工业技术 | 7553篇 |
冶金工业 | 817篇 |
原子能技术 | 633篇 |
自动化技术 | 1017篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 127篇 |
2023年 | 375篇 |
2022年 | 592篇 |
2021年 | 722篇 |
2020年 | 771篇 |
2019年 | 686篇 |
2018年 | 689篇 |
2017年 | 937篇 |
2016年 | 897篇 |
2015年 | 890篇 |
2014年 | 1338篇 |
2013年 | 1676篇 |
2012年 | 1766篇 |
2011年 | 2375篇 |
2010年 | 1703篇 |
2009年 | 1892篇 |
2008年 | 1666篇 |
2007年 | 2098篇 |
2006年 | 1983篇 |
2005年 | 1683篇 |
2004年 | 1523篇 |
2003年 | 1321篇 |
2002年 | 1132篇 |
2001年 | 1033篇 |
2000年 | 908篇 |
1999年 | 750篇 |
1998年 | 668篇 |
1997年 | 570篇 |
1996年 | 482篇 |
1995年 | 439篇 |
1994年 | 405篇 |
1993年 | 311篇 |
1992年 | 219篇 |
1991年 | 172篇 |
1990年 | 123篇 |
1989年 | 118篇 |
1988年 | 71篇 |
1987年 | 51篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1963年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Cadmium selenide films were synthesized using simple electrodeposition method on indium tin oxide coated glass substrates. The synthesized films were post annealed at 200 °C, 300 °C and 400 °C. X-ray diffraction of the films showed the hexagonal structure with crystallite size <3 nm for as deposited films and 3–25 nm for annealed films. The surface morphology of films using field emission scanning electron microscopy showed granular surface. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy of a crystallite of the film revealed lattice fringes which measured lattice spacing of 3.13 Å corresponding to (002) plane, indicating the lattice contraction effect, due to small size of CdSe nanocrystallite. The calculation of optical band gap using UV–visible absorption spectrum showed strong red-shift with increase in crystallite size, indicating to the charge confinement in CdSe nanocrystallite. 相似文献
2.
《低温学》2015
He-3 is generally recognized for its ability to provide more excellent thermophysical performance than He-4, especially in the 4 K temperature range. However, this was not always the case in our preliminary experiments on a three-stage Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler (SPTC). Our ongoing studies, as reported in this paper, demonstrate that the different working fluids also affect the performance through their phase shifting capability. This feature has been passed over in large part by researchers considering refrigerant substitution. Unlike previous theoretical analyses that focus primarily on regenerator losses, this report investigates the effects of the working fluid on the phase angle at the cold end in order to quantitatively reveal the relationship between the lowest attainable temperature and the cooling capacity. The analysis agrees well with our experimental results on a three-stage SPTC. While running with the operating parameters optimized for He-3, the lowest temperature of the SPTC decreased from 5.4 K down to 4.03 K. This is the lowest refrigeration temperature ever achieved with a three-stage SPTC. 相似文献
3.
《Displays》2015
Modern liquid crystal displays (LCDs) require novel technologies, such as new alignment methods to eliminate alignment layers, fast response and long operation time. To this end, we report an overview of recent efforts in LCD technologies devoted to realize more display modes having no alignment layer, faster switching time and low battery consumption. In particular, we overview recent advances on the liquid crystals (LCs) alignment for display applications, which includes superfine nanostructures, polymeric microchannels and polymer stabilized LCs. Furthermore, we analyze the main optical and electro-optical properties of new generation LCDs displays addressing a particular attention to LCs blue phase hosting gold nanoparticles. Moreover, we focus on the progress of electrofluidic displays, which demonstrates characteristics that are similar to LCDs, with attention on various pixel designs, operation principles and possible future trends of the technology. 相似文献
4.
The performance of surface ionic conduction single chamber fuel cell (SIC‐SCFC) prepared by the sol gel method was studied on electric characteristics due to the differences of the operating temperature and humidity, the electrode distance and electrolyte film depth, and multiple cells with the series and parallel connections. The SIC–SCFC was arranged the both anode of Pt and cathode of Au on the boehmite electrolyte. The open circuit voltage (OCV) of single cell achieved a maximum of 530mV in the dry gas mixtures of O2/H2=50% in room temperature operation, and but it became decrease as over 60%. The OCV was maintained the constant value between operating temperatures of 30°C to 80°C, and but it was decreased sharply at over 90°C because a humidity on the cell became lower as increasing operating temperature. Then, the cell property was improved to 120°C by adding to the humidity of 70% using a humidifier. The electrode distance and the electrolyte film depth of SIC‐SCFC found to be contributed to the reductions of the cell resistance and the surface roughness on the electrode, respectively. Moreover, the power property of SIC‐SCFC was significantly improved by cell stacks comprised of the series or parallel connection of a cell. 相似文献
5.
In this work, we focus on the Ge nanoparticles (Ge-np) embedded ZnO multilayered thin films. Effects of reactive and nonreactive growth of ZnO layers on the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) induced formation of Ge-np have been specifically investigated. The samples were deposited by sequential r.f. and d.c. sputtering of ZnO and Ge thin film layers, respectively on Si substrates. As-prepared thin film samples have been exposed to an ex-situ RTA at 600 °C for 60 s under forming gas atmosphere. Structural characterizations have been performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. It has been realized that reactive or nonreactive growth of ZnO layers significantly influences the morphology of the ZnO: Ge samples, most prominently the crystal structure of Ge-np. XRD and Raman analysis have revealed that while reactive growth results in a mixture of diamond cubic (DC) and simple tetragonal (ST12) Ge-np, nonreactive growth leads to the formation of only DC Ge-np upon RTA process. Formation of ST12 Ge-np has been discussed based on structural differences due to reactive and nonreactive growth of ZnO embedding layer. 相似文献
6.
Edible film from water-soluble fish proteins were developed by casting film solution on leveled trays and effects of pH (9.5, 10.0 and 10.5), heating temperature (60, 70 and 80 °C), and heating time (10, 20 and 30 min) of the film solution on various film properties were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The impact of pH and heating temperature of film solution was more significant, overall, on the film's properties than heating time. Contour plots of tensile strength and elongation at break was highest at pH of 10.0 at 70 °C (2.75-3.02 MPa) but low in elongation at break (6.35-9.16%), while water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability were at their lowest (58.55-65.96 g mm/m2 d kPa and 351.33-624.18 cm3 μm/m2 d kPa). There was a direct correlation between the films’ and proteins’ solubility on one hand, and heating temperature of film solution on the other, which reversed with change in pH of film solution. Film color was darker and more yellowish with increase in the pH of film solution. 相似文献
7.
1 Influence of PAMAon Boundary Fil mFormation and Friction1.1 Experi mental methodsUltra-thin optical interferometry has been used tostudy thinlubricating fil ms for more than a decade and theexperi mental details of this technique have been reportedpreviously[1].The principle of the test setup is shown inFigure1.A polished steel ball is loaded and rolled againstthe flat surface of a glass disc that is coated with a thinsemi-reflecting chromiumlayer and a silica spacer of about500nmthickne… 相似文献
8.
A nonstationary model of SO2 absorption from a gas phase to a countercurrent falling film of absorbing slurry was developed. Laminar, wavy and turbulent film structures were considered based on published information. Resistances to the mass transfer on the gas and the liquid sides of the interphase were considered, together with chemical reactions in the liquid phase. Relevant chemical equilibria in the liquid phase were modeled. Original experimental data on the neutralization reagent dissolution rate presented as a polydispersed two‐phase system of solids and on the rate of dissolved sulfite oxidation were used. The model was verified with experimental data from a laboratory‐scale falling‐film absorber using a single vertical tube under various geometrical and operating conditions, and a very good agreement was found with the experiment. Parametric sensitivity analysis showed the critical parts of the model. 相似文献
9.
A.L. Pan H.G. ZhengZ.P. Yang F.X. Liu Z.J. Ding Y.T. Qian 《Materials Research Bulletin》2003,38(5):789-796
Small Ag particles or clusters dispersed mesoporous SiO2 composite films were prepared by a new method: First the matrix SiO2 films were prepared by sol-gel process combined with the dip-coating technique, then they were soaked in AgNO3 solutions followed by irradiation of γ-ray at room temperature and in ambient pressure. The structures of these films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and optical absorption spectroscopy. It has been shown that the Ag particles grown within the porous SiO2 films are very small, and they are isolated and dispersed from each other with very narrow size distributions. With increasing the soaking concentration and an additional annealing, an opposite peakshift effect of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was observed in the optical absorption measurements. 相似文献
10.