环状磷腈/聚磷酸铵/三聚氰胺膨胀阻燃环氧树脂研究

本文以DOPO衍生物六(4-DOPO羟甲基苯氧基)环三磷腈(DOPOMPC)、聚磷酸铵(APP)以及三聚氰胺(MEL)形成复配膨胀体系(IFR)阻燃环氧树脂.采用极限氧指数(LOI)、水平、垂直燃烧(UL-94)方法研究了IFR体系对环氧树脂体系阻燃性能影响,通过锥形量热(CONE)研究了体系燃烧特性,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对体系成炭情况进行观察.结果表明,IFR膨胀阻燃体系对环氧树脂具有良好的协同阻燃作用,其中8%DOPOMPC/8%APP/4%MEL(EP3)体系LOI值较纯EP(EP0)提高37.8%;各项燃烧参数也得到了改善,热释放速率峰值(pk-HRR)、有效燃烧热平均值(av-EHC)、比消光面积平均值(av-SEA)及一氧化碳释放速率平均值(av-CO)相对于10%DOPOMPC/10%APP/EP(EP1)分别降低了53.8%、84.4%、57.7%和75.8%;拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度较EP1分别提高了1.3倍、79.4%和2.5倍;宏观拍摄和扫描电镜结果表明EP3膨胀炭层连续、均匀、致密,阻燃效果良好.     

Transformation of amorphous silica colloids to nanosized MEL zeolite

Si-MEL molecular sieve is prepared from aged colloidal precursor solutions under hydrothermal treatment (HT) at 90 °C. In situ dynamic light scattering (DLS) investigations of the precursor solutions and the crystalline Si-MEL sols are performed with the original concentrations. Sub-colloidal particles with a mean radius of about 1 nm and colloidal aggregates with a radius of 10 nm are detected in the precursor colloidal solutions after 5 h aging at room temperature. Consumption of the sub-colloidal particles with time and an increase of the colloidal fraction of 10 nm particles after 48 h aging is observed. After heating of the aged precursor solution at 90 °C for 30 h, three particle populations of 1, 10, and 100 nm radius are formed. Complete transformation from amorphous to crystalline colloidal particles is observed after 68 h extended HT of the aged precursor solution. The mean hydrodynamic radius of the crystalline Si-MEL particles is about 100 nm based on the DLS measurements. The size of the MEL crystals was also confirmed with SEM. Additional time-dependent ²⁹Si NMR measurements of the aged precursor colloidal solutions prior to further crystal growth show that the amount of Q⁰ species (δ=−71.2) decreases, while signals of high intensity in the range between δ=−88.6 and −98.9 indicating the formation of Q³₆ and Q³₈ silicon species appear. IR data reveal that with aging of the precursor colloidal solutions at room temperature, an increased ordering of the silica species similar to those found in the final MEL product is observed.     

Genetic mapping of the α-galactosidase MEL gene family on right and left telomeres of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The α-galactosidase MEL2–MEL10 genes have been genetically mapped to right and left telomere regions of the following chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: MEL2 at VII L, MEL3 at XVI L, MEL4 at XI L, MEL5 at IV L, MEL6 at XIII R, MEL7 at VI R, MEL8 at XV R, MEL9 at X R and MEL10 at XII R. A set of tester strains with URA3 inserted into individual telomeres and no MEL genes was used for mapping.     

Consideration of the evolution of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MEL gene family on the basis of the nucleotide sequences of the genes and their flanking regions

Analysis of the DNA sequences of new members of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MEL1-MEL10 gene family showed high homology between the members. The MEL gene family, α-galactosidase-coding sequences, have diverged into two groups; one consisting of MEL1 and MEL2 and the other of MEL3-MEL10. In two S. cerevisiae strains containing five or seven MEL genes each, all the genes are nearly identical, suggesting very rapid distribution of the gene to separate chromosomes. The sequence homology and the abrupt change to sequence heterogeneity at the centromere-proximal 3′ end of the MEL genes suggest that the distribution of the genes to new chromosomal locations has occurred partly by reciprocal recombination at solo delta sequences. We identified a new open reading frame sufficient to code for a 554 amino acid long protein of unknown function. The new open reading frame (Accession number Z37509) is located in the 3′ non-coding region of MEL3-MEL10 genes in opposite orientation to the MEL genes (Accession numbers Z37508, Z37510, Z37511). Northern analysis of total RNA showed no hybridization to a homologous probe, suggesting that the gene is not expressed efficiently if at all.     

电聚合制备三聚氰胺分子印迹QCM传感器薄膜及其表征研究

通过研究得出,在聚合电压U为0~1.6V、聚合段数为22、模板三聚氰胺(MEL)浓度为4mmol/L、单体甲基丙烯酸(MAA)浓度为10mmol/L、成膜剂邻苯二胺(o-PD)浓度为18mmol/L条件下,以pH 8.0的BR缓冲液作为溶剂和电解液,用电聚合方法,直接在石英晶体微天平(QCM)传感器电极上修饰的分子印迹薄膜,其对目标分子MEL具有良好的频率表征效果,频移值为59Hz.通过相同3个修饰电极的频率表征变化来看,电极对目标分子的识别表征极不稳定.这与手动进样方式、环境较大噪声和电极本身差异密切相关,难以建立对目标分子的标准曲线(r=0.966)实现准确定量分析.     

基于MEL的纠删码容错能力分析

最小删除错误列表（Minimal Erasure List,MEL）是最近提出的一种衡量纠删码容错能力的新方法。MEL方法不但能够反映码字的汉明距离,而且还能充分描述其他各种情况下码字的容错能力。因此,MEL可以作为各种码字容错能力的一个度量标准。将MEL方法用于阵列码的分析与比较,详细分析了常见阵列码（例如EVENODD）的MEL性质,显示了阵列码构造参数与容错能力之间的关系。改进了MEL的构造算法。     

直接竞争酶联免疫吸附法检测食品中三聚氰胺残留

采用酶标抗原建立了高效、高灵敏的三聚氰胺直接竞争的ELISA（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）检测方法。方法 以三聚氰胺单克隆抗体包被作为固相抗体,辣根过氧化酶（Horseradish Peroxidase,HRP）标记的抗原与标准品（或样品）中三聚氰胺竞争结合抗体,建立了直接竞争酶联免疫检测体系。结果 以三聚氰胺为标准品建立标准曲线,得到方法的IC50为8.84μg/L,灵敏度为0.65μg/L,线性范围0.9-35μg/L;检测样品的回收率为70.0%-127.9%,与三聚氰酸交叉反应率为60%,其他结构类似物基本无交叉反应。结论 本方法灵敏度高、特异性强、检测快速, 可以满足实际样品的检测需求。     

评价煤成烃源岩生烃潜力的一种新方法

采用有机岩石学与有机地球化学相结合的方法，在详细研究未成熟及低成熟煤成烃源岩有机组分生烃潜力的基础上，将源岩中各种显微组分按生烃潜力大小以壳质组显微组分为标准实现标准化，提出评价煤成烃源岩原始生烃潜力的标准壳质化指数（ＭＥＩ）方法。应用该方法对四川盆地上三叠统煤成烃源岩的生烃潜力进行了评价，并取得了良好的效果。实践证明这种方法是简便有效的     

基于残差网络和随机森林的音频识别方法

环境声音分类(ESC)是音频处理领域的重要分支之一,在未来多媒体应用中有重要的作用。音频识别是提取音频中特定的声学特性,将音频分类至样本对应的正确场景,有助于感知和理解周围环境。现阶段音频识别主要是通过信号处理技术和机器学习方法达成。随着人工智能飞速发展,传统的音频处理技术以及机器学习方法面临着巨大的挑战,ESC的识别准确性有待进一步提高。结合残差网络和随机森林两种方法,将一维时域信号的音频数据转换为二维数据形式的梅尔声谱图,预训练残差网络获得一个精度较高的网络模型作为特征提取器,利用该网络模型提取音频中的深层特征,再利用随机森林对深层特征进行分类。该方法在ESC任务上识别率提升了近10%,取得了较好的分类结果。     

基于倒谱特征和小波包特征熵的直升机声目标识别

提出了一种将倒谱特征和小波包特征熵相结合的直升机声目标识别新算法，首先分析了直升机声信号的特点，计算了声信号的MFCC（MEL频率倒谱系数）、差分MFCC（差分MEL频率倒谱系数）和小波包分解后各个频带内的小波包特征熵组成的特征向量，并以此向量输入反向误差传播（Back Propagation，BP）神经网络进行训练，再用训练好的神经网络进行不同直升机型号的识别，最后给出了统计结果。结果表明：该算法对直升机机型的识别有较好的效果。