Hybrid make-to-stock and make-to-order systems: a taxonomic review

Production planning and control (PPC) systems that employ aspects from both make-to-order (MTO) and make-to-stock (MTS) production control are known as hybrid MTS/MTO systems. While both MTO and MTS separately have been studied extensively, their combined use has received less attention. However, the literature on this topic is growing and this paper shows that the review performed in this paper is an important addition to the field. We categorise relevant literature according to a novel taxonomy and show that hybrid MTS/MTO production control can be used in different contexts. In addition, an overview of the modelling techniques and methods used in these papers is provided. Based on the reviewed literature, relevant research questions and directions for future research are identified. Finally, it is shown that hybrid MTS/MTO production control is prevalent in practice by discussing research with industrial applications. The paper contains an overview of research on hybrid MTS/MTO production control to be used as reference for researchers active in the field, and provides managerial insights and directions for future research on this topic.     

COM+及其基于属性编程

讨论了作为Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ＤＮＡ架构的核心部分的ＣＯＭ＋在原有ＤＣＯＭ和ＭＴＳ的基础上提供的多种服务以及ＣＯＭ＋的基于属性编程。     

基于三层C/S结构MIS的权限设计

文章在分析两层C／S结构缺点的基础上,分析了三层C／S结构的机理及其优点.并提出了一个基于三层C／S结构MIS的权限设计方案,详细分析了该方案的实现过程,介绍了用VB6开发三层应用系统的权限控制机制的基本技术和方法.     

A Face Identification System Based on the Mahalanobis–Taguchi System

In this paper, we propose a face identification system based on the Mahalanobis–Taguchi System (MTS). The MTS is one of the pattern recognition methods frequently used in quality engineering, and can perform robust pattern recognition by using training data, including noise. It is likely that this advantage will allow the effective implementation of a robust face identification system against lighting and face position fluctuations. Moreover, the MTS can optimize the number of attributes required for identification by using the orthogonal array and the signal/noise (SN) ratio. The face identification system has to deal with many users and the amount of data in a facial image is large. Therefore, the time required for identification can be decreased and the amount of data in the facial image database can be reduced by performing the optimization. We confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed system through practical experiments. The experimental results revealed that the MTS was an effective method for robust face identification, and could effectively reduce the number of attributes required for identification.     

基于C/S和B/S混合结构的形象化工程进度控制系统

介绍了在铁路建设工程的项目管理中,基于异地协同工作环境下,面向业主的形象进度控制系统的结构与功能模块的设计、实现方法,并对其中用到的关键技术作了简要说明。     

多层分布式结构应用系统的维护

本文介绍了多层分布式结构及其优点，着重从事务交易管理、安全服务 以及容错能力和负载平衡等方面，去阐述维护多层分布式应用系统稳定性、安全性的必要性和有效途径。     

B／S结构的水利枢纽查询系统的设计与探讨

分析了目前水利行业内对枢纽信息查询系统的要求，提出了系统在B／S计算模式下的解决方案，利用ASP和ActiveX控件相结合的方法，赋予客户端和服务器端ActiveX控件以不同功能，实现了真正的3层结构，提高了系统灵活性、交互性和可靠性，对相关应用系统的设计具有重要的实践意义。     

Application of Coffee Silverskin in cosmetic formulations: physical/antioxidant stability studies and cytotoxicity effects

Context: Currently, there is an increasing interest of cosmetic industry on natural extracts. The inclusion of antioxidants in topical formulations can contribute to minimize oxidative stress in the skin, which has been associated with aging. Also, questions of sustainability are leading to the study of new cosmetic ingredients obtained from food by-products. Coffee Silverskin (CS) is a food by-product with established antioxidant activity that has not yet been incorporated into a topical formulation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological stabilities and antioxidant activity of a hand cream formulation containing 2.5% (w/w) of CS extract upon production and after 6 months of shelf-life and in vitro safety/cytotoxicity on skin cell lines after production.

Materials and methods: The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated with MTS and LDH assays, at different concentrations, in HaCaT and HFF-1 cells. Formulations were stored at 25?°C/65% RH and 40?°C/75% RH. Physical, microbiological, and antioxidant stabilities were evaluated by centrifugation, viscosity, total colony count, DPPH and total phenolic content (TPC).

Results: The hand cream containing 2.5% (w/w) of CS extract showed stable physical characteristics independently of the storage conditions. The DPPH activity and TPC of the CS formulation were significantly higher compared with those of the base formulation. However, during storage, the antioxidant activity decreases slightly. Microbiological quality was also confirmed. No cytotoxic effects were observed.

Conclusion: It is possible to suggest that this formulation is stable under extreme conditions and safe for topical use.     

分数算子描述的粘弹性材料的本构关系研究

从分数导数的定义出发,提出了在经典粘弹性模型理论中采用Abel粘壶取代传统牛顿粘壶的新观点.将有机硅高分子材料在MTS831.10材料试验机上进行动态力学行为试验,对试验结果分别用经典粘弹性模型和分数导数模型进行拟合.结果表明,分数导数Kelvin模型可以同时精确地拟合高分子材料的存储模量和损耗模量随频率变化的曲线,而且其形式简单、统一,在计算过程中需要调整的参数很少.     

Analysis of the atomic force microscopy vibration behavior using the Timoshenko theory by multi‐scale method in the air environment

This article deals with the modeling and simulation of the vibration behavior of piezoelectric micro‐cantilever (MC) based on the Timoshenko theory and using multi‐scale (MTS) method in the air environment. In this regard, the results are compared with the previous literature, such as the finite element method and the MTS method. The analysis of the piezoelectric MC vibrating behavior is investigated in a dynamical mode including non‐contact and tapping modes. The dynamics of this system is affected by interferential forces between probe tip and sample surface, such as van der Waals, capillary, and contact forces. According to the results, the forces applied to the probe tip reduce the amplitude and the resonance frequency. The simulation of surface topography in non‐contact mode and tapping for rectangular and wedge‐shaped roughness in the air environment are presented. Various experiments have been conducted in Ara research Company using the atomic force microscopy device in the amplitude mode. In the NSC15 Cantilever, the first natural frequency is derived from the results of the MC simulation based on Timoshenko beam theory, the practical results are 295.85 and 296.12 kHz, and the error rate is 0.09; at higher natural frequencies, the error rate has been increased. The γ _f coefficient is a measure of the nonlinear effects on the system; the effect of the piezoelectric length and width on γ _f coefficient is also investigated.