Synthesis and Evaluation of Some C14MC-MCNR2 Copolymers and C14MC-MA-MCNR2 Terpolymers as Cold Flow Improvers in the Diesel Fuels

In order to find efficient cold flow improvers for diesel fuels, a series of copolymers (C14MC-MCNR₂) derivated from long chain alkyl (i.e., tetradecyl) methacrylate C14MC and methacrylamide (MCNR₂) were prepared, and a series of terpolymers (C14MC-MA-MCNR₂) derivated from tetradecyl methacrylate C14MC, maleic anhydride (MA), and methacrylamide (MCNR₂) were also prepared. These copolymers and terpolymers were purified, and their structures were characterized by IR, ¹HNMR, and GPC. Their low temperature fluidities and filterability, such as solid point depression (ΔSP) and cold filter plugging point depression (ΔCFPP), used as cold flow improvers in two diesel fuels were evaluated. The results indicate that: (1) The C14MC-MCNR₂ copolymers possess good solid point depressing performance. (2) The C14MC-MA-MCNR₂ terpolymers exhibit dual function both as wax dispersants and flow improvers simultaneously, and they all possess very excellent solid point depressing performance, and can attain optimum effectiveness of CFPP depression when NR₂ is morpholine.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some C14MC-MCNR2 Copolymers and C14MC-MA-MCNR2 Terpolymers as Cold Flow Improvers in the Diesel Fuels

Abstract

In order to find efficient cold flow improvers for diesel fuels, a series of copolymers (C14MC-MCNR₂) derivated from long chain alkyl (i.e., tetradecyl) methacrylate C14MC and methacrylamide (MCNR₂) were prepared, and a series of terpolymers (C14MC-MA-MCNR₂) derivated from tetradecyl methacrylate C14MC, maleic anhydride (MA), and methacrylamide (MCNR₂) were also prepared. These copolymers and terpolymers were purified, and their structures were characterized by IR, ¹HNMR, and GPC. Their low temperature fluidities and filterability, such as solid point depression (ΔSP) and cold filter plugging point depression (ΔCFPP), used as cold flow improvers in two diesel fuels were evaluated. The results indicate that: (1) The C14MC-MCNR₂ copolymers possess good solid point depressing performance. (2) The C14MC-MA-MCNR₂ terpolymers exhibit dual function both as wax dispersants and flow improvers simultaneously, and they all possess very excellent solid point depressing performance, and can attain optimum effectiveness of CFPP depression when NR₂ is morpholine.     

甲基丙烯酰胺制甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应动力学研究

本文通过实验测定了工业生产条件范围内，甲基丙烯酰胺（MAM）与甲醇（MeOH)水溶液在硫酸存在的条件下酯化反应生成甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的反应动力学数据。反应条件为：70－90℃，MAM：MeOH:H2O:H2SO4=1:2:3:1.7mol/molγ-丁内酯（γ－B.L)为均相剂。     

甲基丙烯酰胺硫酸盐水解动力学

本文通过对工业甲基丙烯酰胺硫酸盐(简称MAMS)水解动力学研究和对文献所列水解动力学实验结果的分析,提出了MAMS的水解机理,并导出了动力学方程表达式。在硫酸:水:甲基丙烯酰胺(MAM)=(1～3):(2～40):1(摩尔比)范围内,拟合本试验及文献的结果得到如下所示的MAMS水解动力学表达式:该表达式关联范围广泛,几乎适用于所有工业生产条件。     

有机磷化合物与甲基丙烯酰胺复配阻燃真丝织物

采用有机磷化合物二甲基-2-甲基丙烯酰氧基-乙基磷酸酯(DMMEP)、甲基丙烯酰胺(MAA),以及以上2种物质的共混溶液,分别对真丝织物进行常规接枝,经过单因素分析探讨各自最优的接枝工艺。然后对整理后的丝织物做了接枝率、极限氧指数、炭长的测定,并对接枝织物的表面红外进行了表征,且通过扫描电镜对燃烧后残留炭渣的形态结构进行了分析。结果表明,通过对DMMEP和MAA进行复配,真丝织物能够获得非常好的阻燃性能。     

Tailoring a New Sizing Agent via Structural Modification of Pregelled Starch Molecules Part 1: Carboxymethylation and Grafting

Pregelled starch (PS) was subjected to acid hydrolysis using phosphoric acid to prepare pregelled starches having different molecular sizes. The degraded pregelled starches were carboxymethylated at different reaction times. The carboxymethyl derivatives were grafted with either methacrylamide (MAam) or methacrylonitrile (MAN) as vinyl monomers using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator. Suitability of the new graft derivatives of pregelled starch as sizing agent of cotton yarns was studied. It is shown by the data that the extent of carboxymethylation, expressed as carboxyl content, increases by increasing the extent of hydrolysis and reaction time. Furthermore, the graft yield, expressed as mmol MAam or MAN monomer/100 g graft copolymer (grafted carboxymethylated pregelled starch or grafted carboxymethylated hydrolyzed pregelled starch) increases with increasing extent of carboxymethylation and degree of hydrolysis and follows the order: MAam > MAN. In addition cotton yarns sized with grafted carboxymethylated hydrolyzed pregelled starch – irrespective of the grafting monomer used – have better mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, and abrasion resistance) than hydrolyzed pregelled starches, carboxymethylated pregelled starch and carboxymethylated hydrolyzed pregelled starches.     

The incorporation of polar monomers in copolymers based on styrene and divinylbenzene obtained from glycerol suspension polymerization

Porous copolymer networks based on styrene (STY) and divinylbenzene (DVB) containing polar monomer (methacrylamide — MAM, methacrylic acid — MAA or acrylonitrile — ACN) were prepared by suspension polymerization using glycerol as a dispersant medium. Poly(styrene-co-methacrylamide-co-divinylbenzene), poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid-co-divinylbenzene) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile-co-divinylbenzene) were synthesized using mixtures of toluene with 2-butanone, toluene and 2-butanone and n-heptane with ethylacetate, respectively at different dilutions: 50%, 100% and 120% (v/v). The copolymers were characterized by bulk density, infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and elemental analysis (CHN). Morphological features of the copolymer pearls were evaluated by microscopic analysis and correlations between porous structure and parameters of reaction were found. The copolymers presented high incorporation of polar monomers. The pearl porosities and visual appearances had a strict relation with the monomer type and the dilution degree employed in synthesizing them.     

甲基丙烯酰胺合成工艺的改进

优化了以丙酮氰醇制备甲基丙烯酰胺的操作条件，着重讨论了反应温度，时间，双组份稳定体系，中和程度，氨水浓度对产品纯度和产率的影响，在最优化条件下，产品产率和纯度分别达到８６．６８％和９８．６７％。     

蚕丝织物辐射接枝甲基丙烯酰胺改性研究

使用电子束和γ射线辐照的方法，在蚕丝纤维上接枝甲基丙烯酰胺。研究了浸渍化学单体方法、辐照和辐照工艺，以达到改善蚕丝织物性能的目的。