Performance of in-call buffer/window allocation schemes for short intermittent file transfers over broadband packet networks

While static open loop rate controls may be adequate for handling continuous bit rate (CBR) traffic, relatively smooth data traffic, and relatively low speed bursty data traffic over broadband integrated networks, high speed bursty data sources need more dynamic controls. Burst level resource allocation is one such dynamic control. Potential benefits and other issues for burst level resource parameter negotiations for bursty data traffic over high speed wide area packet networks have been discussed earlier.^1–6 A detailed analysis of an adaptive buffer/window negotiation scheme for long file transfers using these concepts is presented in Reference 1. In this paper we discuss two burst level buffer/window negotiation schemes for short intermittent file transfers, focusing on the specific needs of such traffic streams. We develop closed network of queues models to reflect the behaviour of the proposed schemes. These models, while being simple, capture essential details of the control schemes. Under fairly general assumptions, the resulting network of queues is of product form and can be analysed using the mean value analysis. We use such an analysis to compare the proposed schemes and to determine appropriate sizes of trunk buffers to achieve the desired balance between bandwidth utilization and file transfer delay. The effects of other parameters on the performance of these schemes as well as on the buffer sizing rules are also discussed. Burst level (in-call) parameter negotiation may be carried out by the end system with the network elements or by an interface system (access controller) with the broadband network elements. We discuss implications of this location as well as the needed protocol features. Finally, the service discrimination capabilities desired at the trunk controllers in switching nodes are briefly discussed.     

精密深孔表面环状硬挤条纹的产生机理与控制

本文建立了不同条件下环状硬挤条纹的生成模型,详细分析了其产生机理.用理论解析和试验验证了所建模型的可靠性,最后提出了控制其产生的方法.     

Treeview控件构建VFP数据库字段树型目录

将ActiveX控件应用于Visual FoxPro中的一个实例。利用Comctl32.ocx文件中的TreeView控件,将VFP数据库字段构建出具有Windows文件夹分层列表展开的风格。使数据库字段选择既方便又美观。该程序可将任意VFP数据库中能被有效地分层显示的字段任意字段构建树型目录,也可稍加修改筛选不同类型的或条件的字段来构建树型目录。该实例具有一定的实用性,可根据需要将其嵌入自编的应用系统中,使自己的作品看起来更美观也更专业。     

基于dsPIC30F的恒流电子负载设计

设计了一种对33V锂电池进行最大5A恒流放电的电子负载。该电子负载以dsPIC30F6014A单片机为核心控制器,闭环控制MOSFET恒流放电,并以热能的方式消耗电能。锰铜电阻和仪用运算放大器AD623构成电流采样电路。测试结果显示,系统的相对误差低于6‰。     

PT仪数据采集系统中数据显示和快速导入导出的实现

PT仪数据采集系统涉及到大数据量的采集显示以及大数据量的导入导出。PT仪与上位机采用串口通讯方式。通过设置适当的Mscomm控件属性值,利用定时器实现数据的采集与显示。针对VB控制Excel导入导出数据,常用的方法效率低下,采用数据文件实现快速导出;通过一个具有二维数组性质的变量实现数据快速导入。有效地提高了PT仪数据采集系统的人机交互能力。本设计已运用于采集实验中,效果良好。     

KGPS可控硅中频电源的改造实践

KGPS中频电源投产7年以来,故障频繁,维修工作量大,设备的各项性能技术指标均难以满足优质银品生产的需要,必须进行改造。在充分利用原有中频电源设备的基础上,对KGPS中频电源控制系统进行了改造,改造后设备性能稳定,适应负载变化的能力强,投运后获得显著的经济效益,每年节约电能35640KW．h,节约电费1．782万元,节约维修费用1．2万元,同时生产效率提高30％,并增加了产能。     

Controllers with diagnostic capabilities. A neural network implementation

Designing controllers with diagnostic capabilities is important as in a feedback control system, detection and isolation of failures is generally affected by the particular control law used. Therefore, a common approach to control and failure diagnosis problems has significant merit. Controllers capable of performing failure diagnosis have additional diagnostic outputs to detect and isolate sensor and actuator faults. A linear such controller is usually called a four-parameter controller. Neural networks have proved to be a very powerful tool in the control systems area, where they have been used in the modelling and control of dynamical systems. In this paper, a neural network model of a controller with diagnostic capabilities (CDC) is presented for the first time. This nonlinear neural controller is trained to operate as a traditional controller, while at the same time it provides reproduction of the failure occurring either at the actuator or the sensor. The cases of actuator and sensor failure are studied independently. The validity of the results is verified by extensive simulations.A version of this paper under the title The Four-Parameter Controller. A Neural Network Implementation was presented at the IEEE Mediterranean Symposium on New Directions in Control Theory and Applications, Chania, Crete, Greece, June 21–23, 1993.     

A Dual-Mode Electrochromic Platform Integrating Zinc Anode-Based and Rocking-Chair Electrochromic Devices

The complementary electrochromic device, where the optical transmittance changes upon the flow of cations back and forth between anodic and cathodic electrodes, operates in a rocking-chair fashion if it can inherently self-discharge. Herein, the first demonstration of a dual-mode electrochromic platform having self-coloring and self-bleaching characteristics is reported, which is realized by sandwiching zinc metal within a newly-designed Prussian blue (PB)-WO₃ rocking-chair type electrochromic device. It is demonstrated that the redox potential differences between the zinc metal and the WO₃/PB electrodes endow the self-color-switching of these electrodes. By employing a hybrid electrolyte of Zn²⁺/K⁺, it is further shown that the colored PB-WO₃ rocking-chair device is capable of spontaneously bleaching when the anodic and cathodic electrodes are coupled. This dual-mode light-control strategy enables the electrochromic devices to exhibit four distinct optical states with the highest optical contrast of 72.6% and fast switching times (<5 s for the bleaching/coloration processes). Furthermore, the built-in voltage of the dual-mode electrochromic devices not only promotes energy efficiency, but also augments the bistability of the devices. It is envisioned that the broad implication of the present platform is in the development of self-powered smart windows, colorful displays, optoelectronic switches, and optical sensors.     

A Visible and Near-Infrared Light-Fueled Omnidirectional Twist-Bend Crawling Robot

In recent years, although light-driven soft actuators have attracted intense scientific attention and achieved remarkable progress, the design and construction of an intelligent robotic system with maneuverability, self-adaptability, untethered control, and greater freedom of action, in particular the omnidirectional motion capability on a plane, remains challenging. Herein, four types of photo-thermal fillers and an unprecedented twist-bend actuation mode is introduced into a liquid crystal elastomer-based soft robot. The obtained twist-bend crawling robot not only exhibits in situ rotation, four-way turning, and four-way linear motion under light irradiation with four wavelength bands (520, 655, 808, and 980 nm), but also demonstrates the ability to avoid obstacles in complex geographical environments. This work may bring a new perspective for fabrication and development of soft robots that can adapt to dynamic and complex environmental conditions.     

On the analysis of nonlinear nilpotent switched systems using the Hall–Sussmann system

We consider an open problem on the stability of nonlinear nilpotent switched systems posed by Daniel Liberzon. Partial solutions to this problem were obtained as corollaries of global nice reachability results for nilpotent control systems. The global structure is crucial in establishing stability. We show that a nice reachability analysis may be reduced to the reachability analysis of a specific canonical system, the nilpotent Hall–Sussmann system. Furthermore, local nice reachability properties for this specific system imply global nice reachability for general nilpotent systems. We derive several new results revealing the elegant Lie-algebraic structure of the nilpotent Hall–Sussmann system.