Global Interoperability Using Semantics, Standards, Science and Technology (GIST)

“Global Interoperability Using Semantics, Standards, Science and Technology” is a concept that is predicated on the assumption that the semantic integration, frameworks and standards that support information exchange, and advances in science and technology can enable information-systems interoperability for many diverse users. This paper recommends technologies and approaches for enabling interoperability across a wide spectrum of political, geographical, and organizational levels, e.g. coalition, federal, state, tribal, regional, non government, and private. These recommendations represent steps toward the goal of the Semantic Web, where computers understand information on web sites through knowledge representations, agents, and ontologies.     

Positive and normative use of fuzzy DEA‐BCC models: A critical view on NATO enlargement

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a widely used mathematical programming approach for comparing the input and output of a set of comparable decision‐making units (DMUs) by evaluating their relative efficiency. The traditional DEA methods require accurate measurement of both the inputs and outputs. However, the real evaluation of the DMUs is often characterized by imprecision and uncertainty in data definitions and measurements. The development of fuzzy DEA (FDEA) with imprecise and ambiguous data has extended the scope of application for efficiency measurement. The purpose of this paper is to develop a fuzzy DEA framework with a BCC model for measuring crisp and interval efficiencies in fuzzy environments. We use an α‐level approach to convert the fuzzy Banker, Charnes, and Cooper (BCC) (variable returns to scale) model into an interval programming model. Instead of comparing the equality (or inequality) of the two intervals, we define a variable in the interval to satisfy our constraints and maximize the efficiency value. We present a numerical example to show the similarities and differences between our solution and the solutions obtained from four fuzzy DEA methods in the literature. In addition, a case study for NATO enlargement is presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.     

Sword,Shield and Buoys: A History of the NATO Sub‐Committee on Oceanographic Research, 1959–19731

In the late 1950s the North‐Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) made a major effort to fund collaborative research between its member states. One of the first initiatives following the establishment of the alliance's Science Committee was the creation of a sub‐group devoted to marine science: the Sub‐committee on Oceanographic Research.This paper explores the history of this organization, charts its trajectory over the 13 years of its existence, and considers its activities in light of NATO's naval defence strategies. In particular it shows how the alliance's naval commands played a key role in the sub‐committee's creation due to the importance of oceanographic research in the tracking of enemy submarines. The essay also scrutinizes the reasons behind the committee's dissolution, with a special focus on the changing landscape of scientific collaboration at NATO. The committee's fall maps onto a more profound shift in the alliance's research agenda, including the re‐organization of defence research and the rise of environmentalism.     

北约不敏感弹药标准试验方法

为了提高弹药安全性,推进我国不敏感弹药技术的发展和试验评估体系的制定,综述了北约不敏感弹药标准试验方法和评估体系,介绍了不敏感弹药试验程序的设计方法和应用现状。为探索和开创我国不敏感弹药的发展提出了几点意见：发展不敏感弹药技术应从国家政策方面逐层推进,形成各方面共识;处理好不敏感、威力与成本的关系,在不降低性能的前提下尽可能降低成本;不敏感弹药标准试验方法和评估体系的制定应充分借鉴国外不敏感弹药的标准试验方法和评估体系。     

The additional benefits of setting up an energy security centre

An Agreement of Cooperation was concluded in 2008 on the setting up of an Energy Security Centre amongst the Hungarian Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Economy and Transport, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Office for Research and Technology and the Prime Minister's Office. This paper summarizes the findings for the setting up of the Centre and creating the necessary conditions required for its operation. The main idea is that qualitatively new conditions to facilitate effective problem solving to meet the demands of mankind for energy are needed. The key part of this work is the creation of the structures of a global problem solving network. It will function as a network of energy security knowledge centres (KC). A number of KC with different specialisation will be built on these structures, resulting in a global network with new synergies, which will in return foster the development of new capabilities and the emergence of new way of thinking. The paper discusses the results related to the application of a global approach to energy security and points out the necessity of regarding energy security and environmental protection as integral parts of the system.     

NATO AEP──5耐久性试验标准浅析

本文在于通过对NATOAEP—5和我国现行规范的分析对比，认清两种规范的异同，探求科学而适用的新方法．     

基于STANAG的文电系统框架设计

文电系统是基础网络服务之一,在有线通信网络环境下一般采用OSI X.400和OSI X.500协议,但在无线通信网络环境下,有限的通信网络能力对文电系统提出了新的需求。该文以无线通信网络环境为背景,提出一个基于北约标准化协议(STANAG)4406及轻型目录访问协议的文电系统的协议框架及功能组成,进一步说明了传输协议联合信息发布142对UDP可靠传输的支持。     

51% Studios

Howard Watson profiles a London-based studio whose practice results from the interplay of a wide range of influences spanning contemporary culture, history, nature, landscape and the ephemeral. Working at a variety of scales from the domestic to the urban, partners Peter Thomas and Catherine du Toit demonstrate a natural bent for the arts-related in undertaking collaborations with artists and exhibition installations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

软件测试构件库

本文将详细讨论软件测试复用的各个方面,建立面向复用的测试模型,制定测试构件库的各种推荐策略,设计库结构并且用使用场景技术讨论了软件测试构件库的运行模型。     

Camouflage of cotton fabrics in visible and NIR region using three selected vat dyes

To provide camouflage in near infrared (NIR) region and imitate reflectance profile of greenish leaves, cotton fabrics were dyed with three selected vat dyes, namely C.I. Vat Blue 6, C.I. Vat Yellow 2, and C.I. Vat Red 13. Reflectance curves of two types of fresh greenish leaves were measured as standard reference. Transmittance curve of vat dyes in acetone solution indicated that selected vat dyes have suitable structure to provide camouflage in NIR region. According to reflectance profiles, reflectance curve of Vat Blue 6 has more similarity with that of green leaf at the concentration of 0.85% owf (on weight of fiber) and 1.2% owf in comparison with those of C.I. Vat Yellow 2 and C.I. Vat Red 13. Cotton fabrics were dyed with different mixtures of the dyes to obtain a standard shade to reach camouflage in visible range. Chromatic values of dyed fabrics were measured (CIE1976 L*, a*, and b*) and two standard shades of the 1948 US army pattern, NATO and forest green, were obtained on cotton fabrics with ΔE_CMC < 2. Reflectance profiles of these two shades were located between the reflectance of green leaves. So, two vat dyes were introduced to camouflage dyes group, C.I. Vat Blue 6 and C.I. Vat Red 13, and used to achieve NATO green and forest green shades for first time. All dyed samples showed good fastness properties. The effect of washing and light exposure on camouflage properties of fabrics in visible and NIR region was inconsiderable. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 200–207, 2014