基于物理过程的建模方法及其在水利工程施工中的应用研究

提出了基于物理过程的工程建模方法和模拟模型，运用系统分析的理论和方法，通过分析工程项目的施工过程，把物理对象作为模型的基本要素，建立概念模型，根据物理对象的各种特性，用物理对象的属性的变化来反映系统的各种活动和状态，形成模拟模型，同时把PPBC模型实际应用于溪洛渡大型水利枢纽工程土石方运输系统的仿真研究中，PPBC模型建模中应用了面向对象方法，使模型结构更加清晰，建模过程简化，是一种侧重于工程应用的具有普遍实用性的建模方法和模拟模型。     

High rate toughness of ductile polymers

Impact toughness of two highly ductile polymers: acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) terpolymer and polypropylene block copolymer (PPBC) - was evaluated using the essential work of fracture (EWF) - and a J-R resistance single specimen curve - S_pb techniques. The EWF has proved to be capable of determining toughness from the total fracture energy of several samples differing in initial ligament length and the linear regression of the data. On the other hand, the S_pb method, which is based on the load separation principle, is able of constructing J-R curves by inferring instantaneous crack growth length from the sole comparison between one sharp and one blunt-notched load-displacement traces. Results show that both methodologies can be used under impact conditions when evaluating ABS polymers. However, ABS impact fracture toughness value yielded by the EWF method, w_Ie, was larger than the J_0.2 value obtained from the S_pb method. This difference was imputed to the more progressive development of the necking zone in front of the crack tip under plane strain conditions. On the contrary, for very ductile fracture behavior like that demonstrated by PPBC in which J-controlled conditions were not achieved and hence J-R curves could not be built the EWF appeared as a valuable alternative to characterize impact toughness.     

一种基于Markov及反馈机制的网络拥塞控制方法

在研究现有网络数据传递拥塞控制问题的基础上,提出了一种基于路由器缓冲区队列长度的网络拥塞预测机制,并以该预测机制为基础提出了一种计费策略(PPBC,Per-Packet Billing Control)来控制网络拥塞.在拥塞控制模式中,将路由器缓冲区队列长度作为拥塞指标,通过马尔可夫链建模预测网络拥塞度.在服务器终端和数据发送方之间建立反馈机制,利用网络拥塞度,通过数据包计费方式控制网络拥塞.最后采用NS2仿真软件对PPBC性能进行仿真测评,仿真结果表明:PPBC不仅能够有效缓解网络拥塞,还能够使网络保持较低的丢包率.