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1.
T.V. Vakalova L.P. Devyashina Sh.M. Sharafeev N.P. Sergeev 《Ceramics International》2021,47(11):15282-15292
One of the drawbacks of fusible clays is the narrow sintering interval due to a sharp increase in the amount of iron-silicate melt at a temperature of 1000–1100 °C, which hardens in the form of a glass phase upon cooling. This leads to a relatively low mechanical strength of the calcined samples and causes the danger of melting the granular material surface from such clays during the firing process. To increase the strength of samples of fusible clays, the influence of diabase and granitoid rocks was considered. It was found that the strengthening effect of diabase and granitoid rock additives in an amount of 20–50% in a mixture with fusible clay is due to an increase of total content of the crystalline phase (mullite, cristobalite and residual quartz) from 18–20% in clays without additives to 22–28 % - in mixtures with diabase and to 28–34% - with granitoid additives) at a temperature of 1050–1100 °C. This increase is due to the activation of synthesis processes of secondary mullite and crystallization from alkali-rich feldspar melt of amorphous silica, released from the structure of clay minerals. The established influence of the igneous rocks used made it possible to develop compositions and propose process flow sheet for producing aluminosilicate proppants based on fusible clays. The use of granitoid and diabase rocks in an amount of 20–70% with fusible clays produces lightweight aluminosilicate proppants with bulk density of 1.40–1.46 g/cm3 at temperature range of 1050–1100 °C, which can endure destructive pressures up to 34.5–52 MPa. 相似文献
2.
Chuang Yu Yu Yang Ze-xiang Wu Ji-fang Jiang Rao-ping Liao Yong-feng Deng 《Geotextiles and Geomembranes》2021,49(2):413-419
Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), which have a very low permeability to water and a considerably high self-healing capacity, are widely used in liner systems of landfills. In this study, a series of experimental tests were carried out under complex conditions on typical commercial GCLs from China. In particular, the effects of pH values and lead ions (Pb2+) were tested in addition to other factors. The swelling properties of natural bentonite encapsulated between geotextile components in the GCLs were tested first. The swelling capacity was reduced rapidly at pH values < 3 and concentrations of Pb2+ >40 mM. Permeability tests on GCLs with different concentrations of lead ions were then performed by using the self-developed multi-link flexible wall permeameter, and data showed that increases in lead ion concentrations greatly improved the permeability. Finally, self-healing capacity tests were conducted on needle-punched GCLs under different levels of damage. Results showed that the GCLs have a good self-healing capacity with small diameter damage holes (2 mm, close to three times the original aperture), but with a damage aperture larger than 15% of the sample area, the self-healing capacity could not prevent leakage; hence, in certain situations it will be necessary to repair the damage to meet the anti-seepage requirement. 相似文献
3.
《岩石力学与岩土工程学报(英文版)》2020,12(3):630-641
Structure is an evident determinant for macroscopic behaviors of soils. However, this is not taken into account in most constitutive models, as structure is a rather complex issue in models. For this, it is important to develop and implement simple models that can reflect this important aspect of soil behavior. This paper tried to model structured soils based on well-established concepts, such as critical state and sub-loading. Critical state is the core of the classic Cam Clay model. The sub-loading concept implies adoption of an inner (sub-loading) yield surface, according to specific hardening rules for some internal strain-like state variables. Nakai and co-workers proposed such internal variables for controlling density (ρ) and structure (ω), using a modified stress space, called tij. Herein, similar variables are used in the context of the better-known invariants (p and q) of the Cam Clay model. This change requires explicit adoption of a non-associated flow rule for the sub-loading surface. This is accomplished by modifying the dilatancy ratio of the Cam Clay model, as a function of the new internal variables. These modifications are described and implemented under three-dimensional (3D) conditions. The model is then applied to simulating laboratory tests under different stress paths and the results are compared to experiments reported for different types of structured soils. The good agreements show the capacity and potential of the proposed model. 相似文献
4.
5.
用两种方法——取代法和共聚法合成了一系列羟基镍铝交联蒙托石(GNiAl-CLM和NiAl-CLM),首次利用两种方法,交联前和交联后高温老化处理,对交联蒙托石的热稳定性进行改进。结果表明:取代法合成的羟基镍铝交联蒙托石具有均一的(001)面衍射,底面间距d(001)值均为1.8nm左右,而共聚法合成的羟基镍铝交联蒙托石出现两个(001)面衍射,d(001)值分别为1.8nm和1.55nm;高温处理后,热稳定性得到明显改进,热稳定性可高达700℃以上。 相似文献
6.
John Bensted 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1985,35(4):181-184
Characterisation of raw materials for Portland cement manufacture by use of the methylene blue adsorption method is discussed. The method is shown to be a simple, convenient ‘rule of thumb’ procedure. It provides a guide to the quantity and type of argillaceous minerals present in a given raw material sample. 相似文献
7.
钨基催化剂上钨的分散性和加氢脱氮性能 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用浸渍法和干混法制备了一系列负载钨的层柱分子筛催化剂 (W /Al-CLM)和对比用的负载钨的γ -Al2 O3催化剂 (W/γ -Al2 O3 )。研究了W/Al-CLM和W /γ -Al2 O3 两种催化剂表面上钨的分散情况 ,测定了W /Al-CLM和W /γ -Al2 O3 两种催化剂的吡啶加氢脱氮微反活性 ,比较了W /Al-CLM和W /γ -Al2 O3 两种催化剂的钨的分散性和加氢脱氮活性 ,分析了规律性。氨水处理可以溶去催化剂上所有晶相钨物种 ,改善了钨物种在载体表面上的分散性 ,催化剂上不溶于氨水并呈单层分散的表面钨物种是加氢脱氮活性中心。 相似文献
8.
Nanocomposites based on poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and an organoclay (Cloisite 30B) were prepared by melt blending using a twin‐screw extruder. Two kinds of PBTs, ie PBT‐A and PBT‐B, with different inherent viscosities (ηinh), were used for this study (ηinh of PBT‐A and PBT‐B were 0.74 and 1.48, respectively). Dispersion of the clay layers in the PBT nanocomposites was characterized by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tensile and dynamic mechanical properties and non‐isothermal crystallization temperatures of the nanocomposites were also examined. Nanocomposites based on the higher‐viscosity PBT (PBT‐B) showed a higher degree of exfoliation of the clay and a higher reinforcing effect when compared to the composites based on the lower‐viscosity PBT (PBT‐A). The clay nanolayers dispersed in PBT matrices lead to increases in the non‐isothermal crystallization temperatures of the PBTs, with such increases being more significant for the PBT‐B nanocomposites than for the PBT‐A nanoocomposites. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
9.
CuMgAl类水滑石的制备和表征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用盐-碱制备法合成了CuMgAl三元类水滑石化合物。探讨了原料配比、合成方式、水热处理温度和时间对合成过程的影响,筛选出合成HTLcs的适宜条件,并对HTLcs结构的热稳定性进行初步研究。结果表明,制备HTLcs主要取决于pH值,同时由于Cu2+的姜-太勒效应,合成结构单一的CuMgAl类水滑石要求原料配比中n(Cu)∶n(Mg)不得超过1.0,CuMgAl-HTLcs热稳定性较差,300℃焙烧2h结构破坏,600℃开始烧结,在300~500℃之间,随焙烧温度提高所得复合氧化物比表面积增大,最高可达200 m2/g。 相似文献
10.