利用黄河泥沙加固下游大堤

黄河是一条举世闻名的多泥沙河流，善淤、善决、善徒给沿河人民带来对过深重灾难，防洪问题一直是国家的心腹之患。泥沙问题是黄河防洪问题的症结所在。在总结固大堤经验的基础，进行挖河疏浚，淤筑“相对地下河”，已作为黄河治理的一项重大决策付诸实施。     

民国时期书刊封面设计的发展

民国时期[1]书刊封面中的汉字设计风格丰富多样,兼具了传达功能与艺术美感,具有鲜明的民族性与时代特征。如杉浦康平先生所说,"为了前进一步,回首过去。"[2]民国时期的书刊封面的设计,在中国书籍发展史及平面设计史上具有重要的历史地位,归纳与梳理这一时期的发展脉络,对于研究封面中的汉字设计有着重要意义。所以本文以时间为线索,归纳从1912年至1949年之间的民国书籍封面。     

民国词人袁克文及其《洹上词》

民国词人袁克文（寒云）所作之词,大都收录在其《洹上词》中。本文即以《洹上词》为依据,并结合其自传体笔记《洹上私乘》,对《洹上词》的结集、流传和表现内容进行讨论。作者认为,《洹上词》的创作,大都以词人的交往活动为背景,作品所表现的内容,主要是词人与交往对象的情谊,即与其师友和众女性的情谊。这样的表现内容,也就决定了《洹上词》在创作风格上,以继承花间词风为主要特点。     

民国词中的圆明园镜像

自1860年至1900年,圆明园两次遭受入侵外敌的毁坏。历尽劫难的圆明园,在民国时期,成了民国词人文学创作的表现题材。民国词人将自己游览圆明园时的所见所闻、所思、所感,运用多种艺术手法加以表现。这些呈现在民国词中的圆明园镜像,体现了民国词人对历史与社会变迁的关注,丰富了词的情感内涵,具有重要的词史意义。     

Piezoelectric properties in two-dimensional materials: Simulations and experiments

The piezoelectric effect, discovered in 1880 by Jacques and Pierre Curie, effectively allows to transduce signals from the mechanical domain to the electrical domain and vice versa. For this reason, piezoelectric devices are already ubiquitous, including, for instance, quartz oscillators, mechanical actuators with sub-atomic resolution and microbalances. However, the ability to synthesize two-dimensional (2D) materials may enable the fabrication of innovative devices with unprecedented performance. For instance, many materials which are not piezoelectric in their bulk form become piezoelectric when reduced to a single atomic layer; moreover, since all the atoms belong to the surface, piezoelectricity can be effectively engineered by proper surface modifications. As additional advantages, 2D materials are strong, flexible, easy to be co-integrated with conventional integrated circuits or micro-electromechanical systems and, in comparison with bulk or quasi-1D materials, easier to be simulated at the atomistic level. Here, we review the state of the art on 2D piezoelectricity, with reference to both computational predictions and experimental characterization. Because of their unique advantages, we believe 2D piezoelectric materials will substantially expand the applications of piezoelectricity.     

Ergonomics in the German Democratic Republic

A survey of ergonomics in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was conducted over approximately a two-month period starting in mid-May 1982. This study was sponsored by the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX) located in New York City. IREX maintains scientific exchange agreements with Eastern European countries and the USSR. This survey is one of a series of similar studies conducted in Eastern Europe. Earlier countries surveyed were Romania (Seminara, 1975), Bulgaria (Seminara, 1976a, 1976b, 1982), the USSR (Seminara, 1977, 1979/80), Poland (Seminara, 1979a), Czechoslovakia (Seminara, 1979b), Hungary (Seminara, 1980), and Yugoslavia (Seminara, 1983).     

Kurt Tucholsky,John Heartfield and Deutschland,Deutschland über Alles

This essay analyses Kurt Tucholsky and John Heartfield's 1929 Deutschland, Deutschland über Alles. In this ‘picture‐book’ right‐wing nationalism, the military, the democratic system, and capitalism were trenchantly criticized. This essay argues, however, that Deutschland, Deutschland über Alles is as much about the role of photography in society as it is about Weimar's political situation. The late 1920s are generally seen as a period of medium optimism in which the new photography was in the forefront. Yet a close analysis of the use of photography in Deutschland, Deutschland über Alles nuances the so‐called optimism of Weimar visual culture and its sudden disruption by the advent of fascism in the 1930s. While from the early 1910s onwards, Tucholsky had promoted the polemical power of photography, his position shifted by the end of the 1920s. An ambivalence marked Deutschland, Deutschland über Alles: on the one hand the photographic medium was used as a critical tool; on the other, the book reflects an underlying critique of and frustration with photojournalism and its association with urban modernity.     

Enhanced piezoelectric properties and temperature stability of Bi4Ti3O12-based Aurivillius ceramics via W/Nb substitution

Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ (BIT), a typical Aurivillius ceramics with high Curie temperature (T_c ? 675 °C), has great potential for high temperature applications. This work provides an effective method of inducing structure distortion, relieving the tetragonal strain of the TiO₆ octahedron and decreasing the concentration of oxygen vacancies to improve the piezoelectricity and temperature stability of BIT ceramics. Bi₄Ti_2.98W_0.01Nb_0.01O₁₂ possesses an optimum piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) of 32 pC/N, a high T_c of 655 °C and a large resistivity of 3 × 10⁶ Ω·cm at 500 °C. The maximum d₃₃ reported here is approximately quadruple than that of pure BIT (?7 pC/N). Moreover, the d₃₃ of W/Nb co-doped BIT and the in-situ temperature stability of the compression-mode sensor present a highly stable characteristic in the range of 25–600 °C. These results imply that W/Nb-modified BIT ceramics is a promising candidate for application at high temperatures of up to 600 °C.     

Cyberbullying,cyber aggression and their impact on the victim – The teacher

This paper focuses on the results of the national research of cyberbullying of Czech teachers, which was realized in year 2016 in the entire Czech Republic. The research focused on impact of cyberbullying on teachers – especially in emotional, physiological and behavioural area. The research involved a total of 5136 primary and secondary school teachers from all regions of the Czech Republic. The research has shown that a fifth of respondents (21.73%) has experienced a cyber-attack on their person, however cyberbullying during the last 12 months lasting over 1 week was confirmed only by 3.52% of the total number of respondents.     

民国初期(1912～1937)广州城市建设理念初探

民国初期,广州曾经产生了一个建设小高潮,其间城市发展在达成良性循环的目标过程中,政府及城市管理者探索了在筹措资金、创造投资环境、以城养城等经营城市方面的有效途径。