Owner’s Risk Allocation and Contractor’s Role Behavior in a Project: A Parallel-mediation Model

Risk allocation decisions are of critical importance in project management. The present study proposes an explanation for how risk allocation in a contract motivates a contractor to cooperate with a project owner. Theories of risk allocation and trust were used to motivate the research. Using a survey methodology, we collected data concerning 124 construction projects in China. We found that risk allocation influenced the contractor’s role behavior through the contractor’s feeling of being trusted but not the contractor’s trust in the owner. Feeling of being trusted partially mediated the effect of risk allocation on the contractor’s in-role (i.e., contractual) behavior and fully mediated the effect on extra-role behavior. The study introduces a social and psychological view of the impacts of risk allocation to the project and engineering management literature. We contribute to theory by arguing and demonstrating the mediating effect of trust on the relationship between risk allocation and contractor behavior. From a practical standpoint, we conclude that contractual risk allocation has a significant impact on building a trusting relationship between owners and contractors and that contractors who feel trusted perform both contractually mandated actions and actions external to the contract more diligently, resulting in the likelihood of improved outcomes for both parties.     

一种基于策略的网络管理结构方案

介绍了基于策略的网络管理的概念和当前的研究状况，在策略定义、冲突检测和系统安全问题等方面进行了讨论，提出了一种适合基于策略的网络管理的结构方案，并分析了该方案的合理性。     

Controlling the losing probability in a monotone game

We deal with a complex game between Alice and Bob where each contender’s probability of victory grows monotonically by unknown amounts with the resources employed. For a fixed effort on Alice’s part, Bob increases his resources on the basis of the results for each round (victory, tie or defeat) with the aim of reducing the probability of defeat to below a given threshold. We read this goal in terms of computing a confidence interval for the probability of losing and realize that the moves in some contests may bring in an indeterminacy trap: in certain games Bob cannot simultaneously have both a low probability-of-defeat measure and a narrow confidence interval. We use the inferential mechanism called twisting argument to compute the above interval on the basis of two joint statistics. Careful use of such statistics allows us to avoid indeterminacy.     

高校教师在多媒体教学中的角色思考

多媒体教学已经成为高校重要的教学组织形式。目前多媒体教学中存在的诸多问题源于多媒体教学中的认识误区。解决这些问题的关键在于明确教师在多媒体教学中的主导地位。教师在高校多媒体教学中应发挥课程开发和设计者、教学资源和教学信息整合者、教学活动组织者、学生学习合作者、教学研究实践者等五个方面的作用。     

三维动画表演教学研究——浅析动画表演中角色动作与角色情感性格

随着科技的发展,数字动画及影视特技特效越来越被广泛应用,三维动画作为新兴科技、艺术、技术和表演的综合体,被广泛应用在虚拟现实中。动画师作为动画角色的创作者表演有着至关重要作用。在动画创作过程中,要使动画师能够抓住角色的性格,必须亲身体验角色表演的整个过程,抓住角色的肢体语言动作与角色的情态特征,使所创作的角色更加鲜活。     

基于Flash的MTV动画制作方法与技巧探析

F1ash软件功能强大,而且易于学习和掌握使用,使用该软件来制作MTV,可以克服影视MTV的很多缺点,只需要少量的投入,在较短的时间内就可以完成设计,除此之外通过脚本代码等还可以实现影视拍摄完成不了的特殊效果。介绍使用Flash制作MTV动画的一些常用方法和技巧。以方便设计者能在更短的时间内制作出高质量的MTV动画。     

多机器人通信中防冲突方法研究

研究多个机器人通信中的冲突问题。针对当有针对当对机器人同时进行通信的时候,一个机器人可能同时接受多个其它机器人发来的指令,在时域指令信号方面形成冲突,造成机器人之间通信成功率不高的问题。为了解决这个问题,提出冲突自调整多机器人通信方法,算法利用新到达指令填充离开指令造成的空闲时隙,解决时域信号冲突。利用捎带检测技术,提前对下个时隙进行调整,进行空闲时间预留,减少空闲时隙的产生。很好地减少空闲时隙,解决由此带来的通信成功率不高的问题。实验结果表明,这种方法在多个机器人同时通信的情况下,能够很好地协调通信关系,避免指令冲突,提高了多机器人的通信成功率。     

多设备防火墙安全策略冲突分析

防火墙是作为网络中最常用的安全屏障以代理技术、包过滤技术、状态检查技术、网络地址转换技术(NAT)、VPN技术等功能,保证了计算机的安全性。Internet防火墙可以有效防止外部用户非法使用内部网的资源,加强网络与网络间的访问控制,从而阻止防火墙所保护的内部网络的私密数据被外人所窃取或更改。     

An exploratory study of buyers’ participation intentions in reputation systems: The relationship quality perspective

Drawing upon a relationship quality framework, this study identifies how satisfaction, trust and different styles of handling conflict influence online buyers’ participation intentions in reputation systems associated with a C2C online shopping platform. Furthermore, we investigate how these effects are moderated by social conformity and the perceived value of knowledge. The results of a survey of 269 online buyers indicate that satisfaction, trust and an accommodating conflict handling style positively impact the intention to submit positive ratings, whereas an avoiding conflict handling style negatively affects the intention to submit positive ratings. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.     

Quantifying Whitewater Recreation Opportunities in Cataract Canyon of the Colorado River,Utah: Aggregating Acceptable Flows and Hydrologic Data to Identify Boatable Days

The structural norm approach was combined with the Potential for Conflict Index to define recreation streamflow needs for the Colorado River in Utah and Colorado. An online survey was completed by 128 commercial and non‐commercial boaters, who evaluated a range of flows for whitewater boating. For the Cataract Canyon reach, respondents rated the quality of their recreation experience of specific flows, describing the quality of boating opportunities across the full range of historical streamflows. Ranges for both acceptable and optimum flows were defined, as well as thresholds for unacceptable flows. These ranges were then evaluated against historical hydrologic records to quantify the timing, frequency, and duration of days when defined whitewater flows exist across different year types (i.e. average boatable days). Results indicated that on average, a total of 257 boatable days existed in dry years, and 353 total boatable days occurred in dry‐typical years. In wet and wet‐typical years, 362 and 365 total boatable days respectively, occurred on average. Results of the boatable days' analysis indicated that over the 23‐year period of record, whitewater boating opportunities occurred nearly every day of the year in all but the driest year types. Results from this study provide resource managers with information which can be used in the development of annual operating plans for the Colorado River Basin and help managers understand how changes in flow impact the quality of recreational opportunities. This application demonstrates the value of analysing boatable days on any river where recreation management is a priority. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.