Behavior of 316L stainless steel containing corrosion pits under cyclic loading

The environmental performance of 316L grade stainless steel, in the form of tensile specimens containing a single corrosion pit with various aspect ratios, under cyclic loading in aerated chloride solutions is investigated in this study. Results from environmental tests were compared and contrasted with those obtained using finite element analysis (FEA). Fractography of the failed specimens obtained from experiments revealed that fatigue crack initiation took place at the base of the shallow pit. The crack initiation shifted towards the shoulder and the mouth of the pit for pits of increasing depth. This process is well predicted by FEA, as the strain contour maps show that strain is the highest around the centric strip of the pit. However, for shallow pits, local strain is uniformly distributed around that strip but begins to concentrate more towards the shoulder and the mouth region for increasingly deep pits.     

核电材料在模拟反应堆环境中应力腐蚀破裂测试技术与性能评价

简要介绍了采用慢应变速率试验，Ｕ型弯曲和Ｃ形环试验等技术，分别对８００合金，３０４和３１６及３１６Ｔｉ不锈钢Ａ５３３Ｂ压力容器用多在模拟核反应堆环境中的应力腐蚀破裂敏感性性进行的试验研究的一些主要结果；并结合电化学测试和表面膜俄歇电子能谱分析结果进行了讨论。     

A simple SCC specimen incorporating heat transfer with a crevice or deposits

A simple stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) specimen, suitable for slow strain rate testing and incorporating heat transfer, with an artificial crevice or deposits has been designed and tested. It appears that when the solute level is above a certain value it can concentrate. The kinetics of solute accumulation and the concentration that can be induced in the specimen have been determined. Build up of solute from the ppm level in the bulk environment to the level required to cause cracking can take hours, not days or years. The limiting concentration reached is controlled by thermodynamics, specifically the available superheat. A brief review of relevant literature suggests that this experimental approach to predicting SCC has significant advantages over a modelling or measurement approach. The specimen also lends itself to a monitoring role--a modern version of the Schroeder embrittlement detector.     

EFFECT OF NaOH CONCENTRATION AND AlO_2~- SPECIES ON CAUSTIC STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF A LOW ALLOY STEEL AT 260℃

用慢应变速率法（ＳＳＲＴ）、动电位扫描和循环伏安法研究１６ＭｎＲ钢在氧化铝溶出过程中的高温碱脆行为。结果表明，在２６０℃，１６ＭｎＲ钢的碱脆敏感性随ＮａＯＨ浓度（７．４２－１０．０６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的升高而增大；当碱液中含有ＡｌＯ２＾－离子时，１６ＭｎＲ钢的碱脆敏感电位区缩小，样品表面腐蚀产物保护性好，ＡｌＯ２＾－离子对低合金钢高温碱脆有一定抑制作用；１６ＭｎＲ钢在２６０℃碱液中生成的腐蚀产物为Ｆｅ３     

渗铝304不锈钢不同实验方法的SCC敏感性评价

采用恒载荷试验方法及慢应变速率试验(SSRT)方法研究了渗铝304奥氏体不锈钢在沸腾42％MgCl2溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)性能，分析了渗铝不锈钢SCC机理，讨论了不同试验方法对渗铝不锈钢SCC敏感性评价的影响．试验表明：渗铝处理可明显提高304钢抗SCC性能，其机理为渗铝层的环境遮断作用及对基体的电化学保护作用．两种方法在评价各种渗铝钢材料SCC性能方面有统一性：恒载荷试验中SCC敏感性指标σth高的材料，SSRT中SCC敏感性指标δi也相对较高．但两种方法中渗铝试样的断口形态表现出差异：恒载荷试验为穿晶型SCC断口，而SSRT无SCC断口特征，为韧性断口。     

Cu-Al-Be形状记忆合金的应力腐蚀性能

用恒载荷法和慢应变速率法及SEM研究了Cu-Al-Be形 状记忆合金在甘油、海水和氨介质中的应力腐蚀性能.结果表明，Cu-Al-Be合金具有良 好的抗海水应力腐蚀性能和较低的氨介质应力腐蚀倾向.单相马氏体有较 好的耐海水腐蚀能力，可减少腐蚀引起的裂纹源；外应力下马氏体的孪晶变形和变体间的界 面迁移，则有利于松弛应力集中，阻碍和延缓腐蚀裂纹源的扩展，从而提高Cu-Al-Be合金的 应力腐蚀能力.     

高温预析出对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金显微组织、强度和应力腐蚀抗力的影响

通过改变固溶条件 ,对Al Zn Mg Cu高强铝合金采用先高温后低温的两步固溶处理 (高温预析出 )来改善晶内和晶界的析出状态 ,研究了高温预析出对Al Zn Mg Cu铝合金的金相组织、强度和应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明 ,4 6 5℃高温预析出在保持较高强度和塑性的同时 ,可以改善合金的抗应力腐蚀性能     

低碳钢焊缝的应力腐蚀和酸腐蚀

通过恒载荷实验研究了16MnR钢焊缝区在40％NaOH,110℃溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂行为，同时研究了酸洗对腐蚀断裂的作用。结果表明，根据极化曲线确定－980mV/SCE作为应力腐蚀敏感电位是合理的，在此电位下，16MnR焊缝区在40％NaOH,110℃溶液中仅用2天就出现了应力腐蚀裂纹，酸洗会引起裂纹加深加宽，导致断裂，可以从消除应力和选择合适的缓蚀剂两方面来防止氧化铝厂单管预热器破裂失效。     

氧化铝溶出过程压力容器用钢高温碱脆研究

本文采用慢应变速率的试验方法(SSRT)研究了3种夹杂物分布状态不同的低合金钢(16MnR,A48CPR,16MnRE),在模拟Bayer法生产氧化铝条件下的高温碱脆行为。结果表明,3种低合金钢在260℃苛性偏铝酸钠溶液中均有碱脆敏感性。沿轧向分布的条状MnS夹杂使16MnR钢横向抗碱脆性能明显低于其纵向抗碱脆性能。钢中加入稀土元素可使夹杂物呈球状、弥散分布,降低材料各向异性程度,从而提高材料抗高温碱脆能力。分析表明,夹夹物对低合金钢碱脆性能的影响,受裂纹尖端塑性区单位体积中夹杂物在垂直于受力方向平面上的     

pH值对7050铝合金膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸法和流变应力差值法研究了7050铝合金在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性随pH值的变化规律。结果表明:当pH≤7时,随着pH值的增大,膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性均下降,当pH7时,膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性随着pH值的增大而提高;而当pH=1,14时,腐蚀的类型为剥蚀,合金基体发生剥落,表面没有钝化膜产生。pH值在6~9之间时,膜致应力随pH的变化比较平缓,而pH在2~5和10~13之间时,膜致应力变化则较为剧烈,整体的变化曲线呈山谷形。膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性具有很强的相关性。XPS研究表明,膜致应力值与钝化膜的成分有关。