Corrosion Behavior of 316LN and 316 Stainless Steels During Long-term Exposure to Aerated 0.5 M NaCl Using Electrochemical Noise Technique

In the present work 316LN as well as 316 stainless steel (SS) coupons each of dimensions (0.025 × 0.018 × 0.006 m³) in well-polished condition were used as two nominal electrodes which were immersed in the aerated solution of 0.5 M NaCl. Correlated current and potential electrochemical noise (EN) signals were collected at 1 Hz sampling frequency for 1 h daily over a period of 30 days. The detrended EN data were used to calculate the noise resistance (R _N) as well as the spectral noise resistance at zero frequency (R _SN^o) values and other statistical parameters. To study the nature of pits and distribution of their diameters as well as depths, extensive observations of the pitted and the blank specimens were carried out using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). The current and the potential records of the two alloys showed distinct differences in their corrosion behavior. It was observed that within less than 4 h of immersion, 316SS showed signals indicative of unstable pitting and onset of stable pitting was noticed after 48 h of exposure. However, until about 24 h, 316LN showed just the random signals and unstable pitting was observed after 28 h. The signals clearly indicated continuous growth of the stable pits in 316SS as against the repassivation of the unstable pits in 316LN after 7 days exposure. It was observed that R _N values showed a continuous decrease in the case of 316SS, but were quite stable in the case of 316LN over the exposure period. Concurrent to these observations it was observed that 316SS specimen was extensively pitted. The frequency distributions of pit diameters as well pit depths were observed to be highest at 10-20 μm and 5-10 μm, respectively. However, pits with as large as 70-80 μm diameter and as deep as 20-25 μm too were observed. No pits were observed in case of 316LN even after 30 days of exposure, an observation that corroborates well with the stable R _N values. Thus, in the present investigation, the long-term tests using EN technique coupled with CLSM studies conclusively prove that many unstable pits initiated in 316SS turn into stable ones resulting in insidious localized corrosion attack whereas the unstable pits initiated in 316LN get passivated in the simulated coastal environment.     

薄板坯连铸生产SS400钢工艺技术研究

对唐钢薄板坯连铸机生产的SS400钢的生产工艺进行了分析,认为薄板坯连铸机生产的SS400钢,在采取了精炼站在线定氧,将钢水全氧控制在25×10~(-6)左右,同时连铸采取保护浇注和轻压下等技术后,能够确保薄板坯连铸SS400钢的顺利浇注,轧制的板带材表面质量良好,机械性能符合要求。     

SoftSwitch技术及其实现

主要介绍了SoftSwitch系统的具体的技术实现框架以及实际的应用，并通过与传统的公共电话交换网(PSTN)的比较，介绍了基于包交换的SoftSwitch(软交换)技术的优势，提出了一种解决方案，并对SoftSwitch技术的未来前景做了展望。     

检测系统中信令查重及同步算法设计与实现

信令检测系统中信令消息的查重、剔重及相互校验,是建立独立于各电信运营商的电信互联互通信令检测系统中的关键技术部分。重点阐述在检测中心信令消息采集处理前端设备实现信令消息查重、同步以及信令消息的剔重的算法的原理、设计以及实现过程,同时也指出了在设计过程中遇到的关键问题和解决方法。     

一种针对图像模糊的无参考质量评价指标

在成像模型的基础上,分析了图像模糊的原因,提出了一种为图像构造参考图像的方法,进而将结构相似度(SSIM)评价方法引入到无参考图像质量评价中,提出一种无参考结构清晰度(NRSS)的新的无参考图像质量评价方法,将其用于对模糊图像的质量评价。该方法通过低通滤波器来构造参考图像,通过计算原始图像与参考图像的结构相似度值来评价原始图像质量,很好地结合了成像系统的数学模型和结构相似度评价方法的优势,实验结果表明无参考结构清晰度评价指标能够给出和主观评价方法以及其余有参考评价方法一致的结果。     

深度学习实时语义分割研究进展和挑战

语义分割作为计算机视觉领域的重要研究方向之一,应用十分广泛。其目的是根据预先定义好的类别对输入图像进行像素级别的分类。实时语义分割则在一般语义分割的基础上又增加了对速度的要求,广泛应用于如无人驾驶、医学图像分析、视频监控与航拍图像等领域。其要求分割方法不仅要取得较高的分割精度,且分割速度也要快。随着深度学习和神经网络的快速发展,实时语义分割也取得了一定的研究成果。本文在前人已有工作的基础上对基于深度学习的实时语义分割算法进行系统的归纳总结,包括基于Transformer和剪枝的方法等,全面介绍实时语义分割方法在各领域中的应用。首先介绍实时语义分割的概念,再根据标签的数量和质量,将现有的基于深度学习的实时语义分割方法分为强监督学习、弱监督学习和无监督学习3个类别。在分类的基础上,结合各个类别中最具有代表性的方法,对其优缺点展开分析,并从多个角度进行比较。随后介绍目前实时语义分割常用的数据集和评价指标,并对比分析各算法在各数据集上的实验效果,阐述现阶段实时语义分割的应用场景。最后,讨论了基于深度学习的实时语义分割存在的挑战,并对实时语义分割未来值得研究的方向进行展望,为研究者们解决存在的问题提供便利。     

Generalized Approach towards Secretion-Based Protein Production via Neutralization of Secretion-Preventing Cationic Substrate Residues

Many heterologous proteins can be secreted by bacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, provided that they are fused with the C-terminal signal sequence, but some proteins are not secretable even though they carry the right signal sequence. The invention of a method to secrete these non-secretable proteins would be valuable both for understanding the secretory physiology of ABC transporters and for industrial applications. Herein, we postulate that cationic “supercharged” regions within the target substrate protein block the secretion by ABC transporters. We also suggest that the secretion of such substrate proteins can be rescued by neutralizing those cationic supercharged regions via structure-preserving point mutageneses. Surface-protruding, non-structural cationic amino acids within the cationic supercharged regions were replaced by anionic or neutral hydrophilic amino acids, reducing the cationic charge density. The examples of rescued secretions we provide include the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, glutathione-S-transferase, streptavidin, lipase, tyrosinase, cutinase, growth factors, etc. In summary, our study provides a method to predict the secretability and a tool to rescue the secretion by correcting the secretion-blocking regions, making a significant step in understanding the physiological properties of ABC transporter-dependent protein secretion and laying the foundation for the development of a secretion-based protein-producing platform.     

固/液界面上腐殖酸吸附机理的探讨

运用SS表面络合模型研究了腐殖酸分子在赤铁矿颗粒/水界面上的吸附情况。主要研究了pH值和离子强度2个重要影响因素,通过分析反应前后溶液的ζ电势和赤铁矿颗粒表面的吸附量,从而得出赤铁矿颗粒/水界面吸附配位反应的程度和腐殖酸分子的吸附机理。