单壁纳米碳管/纳米铝基复合材料的增强效果

用半连续氢电弧法和活性氢等离子蒸发法分别制备出单壁纳米碳管(SWNTs)和纳米A1粉体，然后用提纯后的SWNTs和纳米A1粉体制备出SWNTs含量(质量分数)分别为0、2．5％、5．0％、7．5％和10.0％的单壁纳米碳管／纳米铝基块体复合材料．SWNTs对高强度纳米A1基体具有显著的增强作用，当SWNTs含量小于5．0％时，材料的硬度随着SWNTs含量的提高线性上升．其中5％SWNTs和纳米A1的复合增强效果最好，其硬度可达2.89GPa，大约是粗晶A1(0．15GPa)的20倍．当SWNTs含量超过5．0％时，增强效果开始缓慢的下降．讨论了单壁纳米碳管增强纳米铝基复合材料的强化机制．     

Effects of buffer layer materials and process conditions on growth mechanisms of forming networks of SWNTs by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

This study investigates the growth mechanism of IC compatible processes and to the feasibility of synthesizing networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) at lower temperatures (610 °C) on Si wafer using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) with CH₄ and H₂ as source gases. The effects of the buffer layer materials (ZnS–SiO₂, Al₂O₃, AlON, and AlN ) and process conditions on growth of carbon nanostructures with Co as catalyst were also examined, where the buffer layers and Co catalyst were deposited in sequence by physical vapor deposition (PVD), followed by H-plasma pretreatment before deposition of carbon nanostructures. Additionally, the morphologies and bonding structures of carbon nanostructures were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman Spectroscopy. Analytical results demonstrate that networks of SWNTs are more favorable to be synthesized by selecting proper buffer layer material (e.g., AlON), and under higher temperatures, thinner catalyst thickness (e.g., 5 nm) and lower CH₄ / H₂ ratio (e.g., 5 / 100 sccm/sccm). The networks of SWNTs can be fabricated at temperatures as low as 610 °C by manipulating these parameters. In conclusion, the growth mechanism determines the conditions for the formation of nano-sized extrusions on catalyst particles surface.     

High utilization platinum deposition on single-walled carbon nanotubes as catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell

This research aims to enhance the activity of Pt catalysts, thus to lower the loading of Pt metal in fuel cell. Highly dispersed platinum supported on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as catalyst was prepared by ion exchange method. The homemade Pt/SWNTs underwent a repetition of ion exchange and reduction process in order to achieve an increase of the metal loading. For comparison, the similar loading of Pt catalyst supported on carbon nanotubes was prepared by borohydride reduction method. The catalysts were characterized by using energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). Compared with the Pt/SWNTs catalyst prepared by borohydride method, higher Pt utilization was achieved on the SWNTs by ion exchange method. Furthermore, in comparison to the E-TEK 20 wt.% Pt/C catalyst with the support of carbon black, the results from electrochemical measurement indicated that the Pt/SWNTs prepared by ion exchange method displayed a higher catalytic activity for methanol oxidation and higher Pt utilization, while no significant increasing in the catalytic activity of the Pt/SWNTs catalyst obtained by borohydride method.     

Nanowire structured SnOx–SWNT composites: High performance sensor for NOx detection

A nanowire structured nanocomposite of tin oxide (SnO_x) and a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) are fabricated using rheotaxial growth and thermal oxidation method for gas sensor application. The morphology, gas sensing properties, as well as the chemical and electrical properties are investigated. The oxidation temperature for Sn mainly determines the stoichiometry of the SnO_x nano-beads, and consequently the electrical and gas sensing properties of the nanocomposite sensors. The gas sensing to nitrogen oxide, hydrogen, oxygen, xylene, acetone, carbon monoxide, and ammonia are also examined to determine the gas selectivity of the sensor. The high sensitivity and selectivity towards NO_x of the nanocomposite sensor is realized via the porous structure of the SWNT template. The gas sensing mechanism of the nanocomposite structure is also discussed.     

The structure of nanocomposite 1D cationic conductor crystal@SWNT

Nanocomposites consisting of one-dimensional (1D) crystals of the cationic conductors CuI, CuBr and AgBr inside single-walled carbon nanotubes, mainly (n, 0), were obtained using the capillary technique. 1D crystal structure models were proposed based on the high resolution transmission electron microscopy performed on a FEI Titan 80-300 at 80 kV with aberration correction. According to the models and image simulations there are two modifications of 1D crystal: hexagonal close-packed bromine (iodine) anion sublattice (growth direction <001>) and 1D crystal cubic structure (growth direction <112>) compressed transversely to the nanotube (D(m) ～1.33 nm) axis. Tentatively this kind of 1D crystal can be considered as monoclinic. One modification of the anion sublattice reversibly transforms into the other inside the nanotube, probably initiated by electron beam heating. As demonstrated by micrographs, copper or silver cations can occupy octahedral positions or are statistically distributed across two tetrahedral positions. A 1DAgBr@SWNT (18, 0; 19, 0) pseudoperiodic 'lattice distortion' is revealed resulting from convolution of the nanotube wall function image with 1D cubic crystal function image.     

碳纳米管定向排列的SWNTs／PMMA复合材料研究

采用机械拉伸的方法制备了单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)均匀分散并且定向排列的SWNTs/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合材料。通过TEM照片表明SWNTs沿拉伸方向排列。对复合材料进行了力学性能测试,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,复合材料的弹性模量、拉伸强度和延伸率均得到明显提高,并表现出明显的各向异性。TGA分析表明SWNTs的加入明显提高了复合材料的热稳定性。     

两亲性嵌段共聚物改性单壁碳纳米管的制备

以具备生物相容性的两亲性三嵌段共聚物Pluronic F108为分散剂,超纯水为溶剂,在超声作用下对混酸处理的单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)进行非共价改性,制备均匀、稳定的SWNTs分散液.运用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FI-TR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等对不同处理的SWNTs分散液进行表征比较.实验结果表明,分散剂F108的最佳使用浓度为1wt%,经混酸处理后的SWNTs成功带上了羧基官能团,在分散剂F108溶液中呈现单根或小管束的分散状态,分散液可稳定保存30天以上.利用混酸处理和超声解离单壁碳纳米管团聚体、F108保持单壁碳纳米管分散状态等多种处理方法的综合使用,实现了单壁碳纳米管在水中的高效、稳定分散.     

单壁碳纳米管在PSS水溶液中的分散

本文通过混酸氧化法制备羧基化单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs-COOH),以聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)为分散剂,通过磁力搅拌、超声处理,制备SWNTs-COOH-PSS分散液,运用傅里叶红外光谱、显微共聚焦激光拉曼、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见光吸收光谱对不同条件下的SWNTs分散液进行表征比较。结果表明:原料SWNTs通过本法成功修饰上羧基,制备的初始质量浓度为3g/L的SWNTs-COOH-PSS分散液,室温静置30天以上不发生絮凝。     

Non-covalent functionalization of single walled carbon nanotubes with Fe-/Co-porphyrin and Co-phthalocyanine for field-effect transistor applications

This work reports the non-covalent functionalization of SWNTs with Fe-porphyrin, Co-porphyrin and Co-phthalocyanine molecules. The functionalized SWNTs were first characterized using Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Observations down to nanoscale resolution were also performed by atomic force microscopy, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The spectroscopic methods evidenced an electronic interaction between the metal-centered molecules and the SWNTs, ensuring the robustness of the functionalization. High resolution microscopy characterizations reveal that the porphyrin and phthalocyanine molecules are adsorbed on the surface of SWNTs. The electrical characterizations show a weak charge transfer between those grafted molecules and the SWNTs, confirming the electronic interaction between the molecules and the SWNTs. Density functional theory (DFT) supports experimental data and helps understanding the experimental results of selective interaction of metal complexes with one type of semiconducting SWNTs.