浊度计测量结果不确定度分析

本文介绍了用于测量悬浮于水(或其他透明液体)中的不溶性颗粒物质含量的仪器浊度计的测量原理和计量单位，并依据计量检定规程(JJG880-1994)中检定示值相对误差的方法，对示值相对误差的测量结果进行不确定度评定，具体分析了各个不确定度分量的产生，并合成标准不确定度及有效自由度。评定示值相对误差测量结果的不确定度为U95rel=3．3％。     

On-line investigation of anatase precipitation from titanyl sulphate solution

Precipitation of concentrated titanyl sulphate is an important step in the Sulphate Process used for manufacturing titanium white in which titanium dioxide particles are formed and the particles size as well as its distribution is determined. This study investigated the transient changes of TiO₂ precipitation process by using two on-line particle measurement techniques, turbidimeter and focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM), in order to explore the mechanism of particles formation. Induction period as well as primary nuclei formation of the precipitation process was calculated by turbidity value changes and the influence of feeding rate on primary nucleation, primary crystal sizes and final product particle size distribution (PSD) were also investigated. FBRM was employed for detecting the transient variations of PSD during the process. It was found that the process was divided into four stages: induction, rapid hydrolysis and aggregation, aggregation balance with further reaction, and ripening. The Sigmoidal–Boltzmann model is used to describe these transient phenomena and describes well the formation of TiO₂ particles.     

表面散射浊度在线测量系统设计

首先分析比较了浊度测量中的各种测量方法,然后详细介绍了表面散射浊度在线测量系统的设计,所设计的测量系统经实验测试及用户使用,全部实现了各项指标。     

Filtration by falling particles

In one variation of deep-bed filtration the liquid is passed upwards through a fluidized bed of particles. In this variation, filtration efficiency is very much dependent on some type of attraction between the bed particles and the suspended particles, otherwise the suspended particles flow easily through the much larger voids in the fluidized bed, and filtration efficiency is low. When this inter-particle attraction exists, another variation in filtration procedure is possible. This is to pass the fluidized bed downwards, by gravity, through the liquid to be filtered. This variation is the subject of this paper. The ability of falling particles to induce a flow pattern in the body of the liquid makes it possible to devise a very large scale continuous filtration operation, to clarify volumes too large for other filtration techniques, especially when the suspended solids are at a very low concentration. In all of the above, the word gas can be substituted for the word liquid, and the whole spectra of gas cleaning by falling liquid or solid particles opens up. One of these — the cleaning of dust from the atmosphere by falling raindrops — is a familiar and interesting example of simultaneous filtration and flow inducement.     

实用新型浊度仪

浊度仪由传感器、放大器和显示器组成.传感器采用散射透射光度之比的测量方法和光电器件互补设计,浊度在0～400NTU的范围内,直接输出线性信号,线性度可调.放大器的输入采用绝对测量电路来提高测量浊度的精确度和稳定度,使仪器受环境温度、测量光束或器件老化的变化影响很小,浊度读数准确、稳定、线性范围宽,适用于污水、饮用水、地表水处理、水的循环利用及化工、石油、选冶、印染、造纸、制药、食品等各种液体的浊度测量.     

浊度计的自动测量及数据处理系统

介绍了微型计算机与Ｂ型浊度计联机自动测量及数据处理系统的硬件和软件结构，该系统实现了粉末粒度组成的自动测量及数据处理，提高了测量的精度和分析速度。