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1.
Matthew O'Sullivan Daire
hUallachin Patrícia Oliveira Antunes Eleanor Jennings Mary Kelly‐Quinn 《河流研究与利用》2019,35(2):146-158
Cattle access to streams has been linked globally with degradation of stream water quality, driven largely by bank erosion and resultant instream, fine sediment deposition. The majority of evidence on such effects is however based in arid and semiarid regions of the United States and Australia, with few studies relating to cool temperate climates such as Northwest Europe. In this study, “Quorer” resuspendable sediment samples were taken from riffle geomorphic units upstream (control) and at two points downstream (pressure and recovery) of cattle access points in headwater streams in agricultural catchments in Ireland to assess levels of deposited stream sediment. Samples were taken in April/May (2016) prior to the grazing season and in October (2016) at the end of the grazing season. Sites in good‐high ecological status catchments and less than good ecological status catchments were included in the study. Higher levels of sediment were found downstream of cattle access points in both good‐high status and less than good status catchments; however, the impacts of access points were spatially confined to, in most cases, the area immediately downstream of the point of access. There was a strong correlation between deposited sediment mass and organic matter (OM) mass, with levels of OM increasing linearly with deposited sediment mass. Levels of measured sediment were negatively correlated with riparian habitat health (measured using a qualitative habitat assessment). The results of this study highlight the need for measures to prevent cattle access to headwater streams where access points can be many in order to manage local habitat quality and downstream water quality issues. 相似文献
2.
Navab SinghAuthor Vitae Moitreyee Mukherjee-RoyAuthor VitaeSohan Singh MehtaAuthor Vitae 《Microelectronics Journal》2003,34(4):237-245
The patterning of contact holes by selecting out-of-focus image plane (defocus) using attenuated phase shift masks (APSM) has been studied. Defocus is found to enhance the image modulation at low partial coherence for contact holes with negative local average of mask function. Semi-dense holes up to 130 nm in 8% APSM have been printed by 0.5 μm defocus at a partial coherence of 0.31 using KrF scanner with highest numerical aperture of 0.68. However, these holes were closed with in-focus imaging. Defocus is also found to be beneficial for patterning the pitches that have extensive side lobes with in-focus imaging. 相似文献
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将晶体管设计中繁琐的纵向、横向参数的设计计算以及参数验算,采用Basic人机对话方式,由计算机完成。并用BAsic语言绘制出所需的七块光刻掩膜图。既大大地减轻了设计人员繁琐劳动、缩短了设计时间、提高设计质量,又便于修改。还可广泛用于同种结构的不同动率要求的各种晶体管的设计中。 相似文献
6.
Ana Mafalda RibeiroJosé Miguel Loureiro 《Chemical engineering science》2002,57(9):1621-1626
The system ASC carbon filter/cyanogen chloride was studied by simulation. Three filter configurations and several models, taking into account Langmuir adsorption and second-order reaction between the adsorbed toxic vapour and the active metal on the surface, were developed.The effects of axial dispersion, number of reaction units, film mass transfer units and intraparticle mass transfer resistance on the breakthrough time were studied.Simulation results show that a complex model should be used in order to predict with reasonable accuracy the protection imparted by these filters. 相似文献
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We have performed selective area epitaxy (SAE) of CdTe layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy using a shadow mask technique.
This technique was chosen over other SAE techniques due to its simplicity and its compatibility with multiple SAE patterning
steps. Features as small as 50 microns × 50 microns were obtained with sharp, abrupt side walls and flat mesa tops. Separations
between mesas as small as 20 microns were also obtained. Shadowing effects due to the finite thickness of the mask were reduced
by placing the CdTe source in a near normal incidence position. Intimate contact between the mask and the substrate was essential
in order to achieve good pattern definition. 相似文献
8.
本文介绍了彩色显像管荫罩黑化反应的机理,详细说明了DX气制气流程,以及DX气的成分对黑化膜品质的影响。计算分析了成分不同的煤气在制成DX气时的成分变化。同时还分析了黑化工艺和黑化设备对煤气成分波动的适应性,及在生产实践中改变DX气制气时的煤气空气对黑化膜质量的影响。 相似文献
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