Profiling Voids Embedded in a Slab by a Non-Linear Model

In this paper, by applying a non linear model for the electromagnetic inverse scattering, a technique for the dielectric profiling of a planarly layered medium is investigated and applied to void localization and diagnostics inside a homogeneous lossless slab (one-dimensional geometry). Data are collected under plane wave multifrequency normal incidence. Suitable finite dimensional representations for the unknown functions are introduced and their influence on the model is discussed. The resulting functional equation is solved by the method of weighted residuals and the solution algorithm amounts to minimizing a non quadratic function, where particular attention is devoted to reduce the occurrence of local minima. Finally, the inversion algorithm is validated by applications to both simulated and experimental data.     

Damage mechanism in weldment of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel under creep-fatigue loading

The purpose of this study is to clarify damage process of “Type IV cracking” in weldment of a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel and to propose a micro damage prediction method. From continuous observation under a creep-fatigue test, it was found that spherical shape voids initiated and grew on grain boundaries in fine grain region and these voids grow continuously by changing their shape to crack-like. Both spherical and crack-like void growth rate equations were derived from the proposed void growth model. It was indicated that measured void growth rate under the creep-fatigue loading was well predicted by the growth rate equations.     

Wave propagation in two-phase flow of magnetic fluid under a nonuniform magnetic field

The effect of nonuniform magnetic field on the linear and nonlinear wave propagation phenomena in two-phase pipe flow of magnetic fluid is investigated theoretically to realize the effective energy conversion system using boiling two-phase flow of magnetic fluid. Firstly, the governing equations of two-phase flow based on the unsteady thermal nonequilibrium two-fluid model are presented and the linear void wave propagation phenomena in boiling two-phase flow are numerically analyzed by using the finite volume method. Next, the nonlinear pressure wave propagation in gas-liquid two-phase flow is numerically analyzed by using the finite different method. According to these theoretical studies on the wave propagation phenomena in two-phase flow of magnetic fluid, it seems to be a reasonable proposal that the precise control of the wave propagation in two-phase flow is possible by effective use of the magnetic force.     

Micromechanical modelling of ductile crack growth in the binder phase of WC–Co

This study focuses on numerical simulation of ductile failure in the Co binder phase of WC–Co hardmetal. The growth of edge cracks under mode I loading is considered. A computational micromechanics approach is taken where the Co binder ligaments are explicitly represented in finite element models. An embedding technique is employed. Crystal plasticity theory is used to represent plastic deformation in the Co ligaments. Crack propagation in the binder is simulated using an element removal technique based on a modified Rice and Tracey model for ductile void growth, and fracture resistance curves are generated. Parameter studies are performed for variations in microstructrual parameters such as numbers of Co ligaments ahead of the crack tip and local Co volume fraction. The importance of thermal residual stresses and finite element mesh density are also investigated.     

非反应性共聚物增容剂的作用

简述了共聚物增容剂在聚合物熔融共混物中的作用方面的研究进展。阐述了A-B、A-C和D-E型非反应性共聚物增容剂。重点介绍了增容剂的分子量、用量对聚合物共混物的界面张力、相畴尺寸和聚结的影响。     

电场作用下液液系统中液滴变形的计算模型

基于单元变形的思路,由单元守恒方程出发,建立电场中液滴变形的数值计算模型. 在此基础上,将该模型与偶极模型相耦合,提出液滴聚结的计算方法. 由所建模型及计算方法,编制数值计算程序对几种参数下液滴的变形及聚结进行模拟计算. 结果表明,所建模型对液滴变形的预测与实验结果相符较好,对液滴聚结过程的模拟与实验结果大致相符,预测的聚结时间稍低于实验值. 如果进一步提高单元阻力的模化精度及单元离散精度,所建模型会有较好的适用性. 所建模型可实现对液滴的扁平形变形的预测. 研究结果对液滴电变形的理论分析及数值模拟具有一定的借鉴意义.     

斜板沉降器的设计

简要叙述了流离倾斜斜板的层膜上的单个液滴的基本聚结原理。着重介绍重力沉降器的设计方法，并指出在设计过程中可能出现的错误。     

三元复合驱中原油乳化作用研究

通过乳状液稳定实验考察了大庆油田碱-表面活性剂-聚合物三元复合驱过程乳状液的形成机理、乳状液类型及稳定性。结果表明,大庆原油与碱反应1d时,测得其浓相体积分数为25%,所形成的乳状液为O/W型乳状液,而随着原油与碱作用时间的增加,其浓相体积分数达到40%以上,形成W/O型乳状液,且乳状液稳定性随作用时间增加而增强。大庆原油与水溶性表面活性剂ORS-41溶液作用时,所形成的乳状液为O/W型,且乳状液的稳定性与原油和ORS-41作用时间的长短关系较小。原油与NaOH和ORS-41混合溶液作用时,形成上层为W/O型乳状液,下层为O/W型乳状液的混合体系。     

Prediction of minimum fluidization velocity for vibrated fluidized bed

The prediction of minimum fluidization velocity for vibrated fluidized bed was performed. The Geldart group A and C particles were used as the fluidizing particles. The method based on Ergun equation was used to predict the minimum fluidization velocity. The calculated results were compared with the experimental data.The calculated results of minimum fluidization velocity are in good agreement with experimental data for Geldart group A particles. For group C particles, the difference between the calculated results and experimental data is large because of the formation of agglomerates. In this case, the determination of agglomerate diameter is considered to be necessary to predict the minimum fluidization velocity.     

Evolution with heat treatment of crystallinity in carbons

The variation with heat treatment of the dimensions L_a and L_c of the graphite-like crystallites of graphitizable and non-graphitizable carbons is studied. The increases of L_a and L_c with heat treatment temperature (HTT) owing to three processes (crystallite growth in-plane, coalescence of crystallites along the c-axis and coalescence of crystallites along the a-axis) are functionally separated. The evolution with HTT of the number of crystallites (N_cr), the mean volume of the crystallites (v_cr) and the total volume occupied by the crystallites (V_cr) are determined in terms of the changes of L_a, L_c and d₀₀₂. Since among other characteristics the crystallites form the electrical and thermal conducting phase of the carbon, N_cr, v_cr and V_cr are important parameters in many physical properties of these materials. The developed expressions were applied to a non-graphitizable and to a graphitizable carbon.