高性能水泥基材料及其精细制品的发展

高性能水泥基材料及其精细制品已成为当代胶凝亲的重要研究方向，本文介绍了该方向理论研究与技术研究取得的主要进展，并对其涵义、研究内容及发展进行了探讨。     

聚合物—铝酸—钙界面组成与结构的XPS研究

从复合材料界面的角度,采用XPS综合方法研究了水泥基聚合物复合材料的高强特别是高抗弯强度的微观机理。结果表明,在材料界面上存在明显的电子结合能化学位移效应,并被证实为聚合物与无机水泥的化学键合所致。界面层的深度分析发现,掺加聚合物的材料界面具有良好的化学和物理结构。作者认为这种材料的高强机理主要是由于两种基质界面间的有效化学键合作用,形成了良好的界面结构,因此,可认为这种作用大于有的学者所解释的聚合物的单一物理作用。     

锂渣粉作为辅助胶凝材料在水泥基材料中的研究进展

锂渣是生产锂盐过程中产生的工业废渣,其含有大量活性SiO_2和Al_2O_3,有作为辅助胶凝材料的应用潜力。从物理性质、化学成分与矿物组成、活性评价与活性激发等方面介绍了锂渣自身的物理化学特性和水化活性潜质。从力学性能、工作性、耐久性、水化反应与微结构四方面重点综述了锂渣粉对水泥基材料各方面性能的影响,并进行了理论分析与总结。最后指出锂渣粉用于水泥基材料需要在活性提高、高含量SO_3和多孔结构的改善及利用等方面加强研究。     

Multi-scale modeling of the effective chloride ion diffusion coefficient in cement-based composite materials

N-layered spherical inclusions model was used to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient of chloride ion in cement-based materials by using multi-scale method and then to investigate the relationship between the diffusivity and the microstructure of cement-basted materials where the microstructure included the interfacial transition zone（ITZ）between the aggregates and the bulk cement pastes as well as the microstructure of the bulk cement paste itself.For the convenience of applications,the mortar and concrete were considered as a four-phase spherical model,consisting of cement continuous phase,dispersed aggregates phase,interface transition zone and their homogenized effective medium phase.A general effective medium equation was established to calculate the diffusion coefficient of the hardened cement paste by considering the microstructure.During calculation,the tortuosity（n）and constrictivity factors（D_s/D₀）of pore in the hardened pastes are n≈3.2,D_s/D₀=1.0×10^-4respectively from the test data.The calculated results using the n-layered spherical inclusions model are in good agreement with the experimental results;The effective diffusion coefficient of ITZ is 12 times that of the bulk cement for mortar and 17 times for concrete due to the difference between particle size distribution and the volume fraction of aggregates in mortar and concrete.     

Local porosity distribution of cement paste characterized by X-ray micro-tomography

Porosity is one of the most important parameters for cement-based materials,which influences the mechanical property,transport property,and durability.The spatial and frequency distributions of local porosity of cement pastes are characterized using X-ray micro-tomography data and treating methods.The 3D spatial distributions for three cement paste specimens with different water cement(w/c)ratios show reasonable heterogeneity.The probability analysis also reveals this heterogeneity:the representative volume element(RVE)size based on porosity maps decreases with w/c ratio firstly,then increases with w/c ratio;and the heterogeneity on the characterized probe size or on the RVE size increases with w/c ratio.Average porosities obtained using the CT method are further compared with those by traditional methods.     

Effects of surface-activated coal gangue aggregates on properties of cement-based materials

Effects of calcined coal gangue （CG） aggregates treated by the surface thermal activation on the flowability and strength, and paste-CG aggregate interfaces of the cement-based material were investigated. The experimental results show that the compressive and flexural strength of the cement-based material with the calcined CG aggregates is much higher than that of the material with the natural CG aggregates, but the flowability of the material with calcined CG is significantly reduced with the calcined time. The strength of the material with the calcined CG aggregates only increases little with the calcined time at the same w/c ratio, but is reduced with the calcined time at the same flowability. The CG aggregates calcined by the surface thermal activation obviously overcomes the disadvantages of fully calcined CG.     

Error evaluation and correction of stray impedance during measurement and interpretation of AC impedance of cement-based materials

In this study, the error of stray impedance during measurement and interpretation of the AC impedance of cement-based materials was evaluated based on a proposed reasonable correction method. The results indicated that the stray impedance produces approximately 60% and 35% modulus errors at 15 MHz frequency, and 1.68–55.30% and 10.72–153.58% errors of the interpreted parameters for 210-d and 3-d curing concrete, respectively. The stray impedance of the two electrodes and the extra shorting wire introduced in the traditional correction method (Z_ei) produce approximately 45% and 15% modulus errors at 15 MHz frequency, and 0.94–82.81% and 49.03–96.71% errors of the interpreted parameters for 210-d and 3-d curing concrete, respectively. The proposed method eliminates the Z_ei and contains only extra introduced contact resistance between the shorting wire and the two electrodes (R_cls). However, the R_cls produce less than 1% modulus and the interpreted parameters errors, indicating that the proposed method is accurate.     

水泥基材料瞬时高温作用下的爆裂与力学性能

水泥基材料经瞬时高温作用后,随受火温度不同,表现出不同的爆裂与力学性能。研究了掺加不同矿物掺和料的水泥基材料在不同的瞬时高温作用后爆裂与力学性能的影响。结果表明：在100 ℃和300 ℃瞬时高温作用下,所有试样外观完整,未发生爆裂;600 ℃时,所有试件发生粉碎性爆裂。与室温下水泥基材料的物理力学性能相比,在经历瞬时100 ℃作用后,试样的抗压、抗折强度损失率分别达到15%和30%以上;经受300 ℃作用后,强度恢复至室温时强度水平;温度高于300 ℃时,随温度的升高,强度逐渐降低;当温度高于600 ℃时,强度急剧衰减。其中,复掺20%矿粉和10%硅灰的试样经历的低温(≤300 ℃)作用后,抗压、抗折强度均随温度的增加而提高。SEM分析表明,经600 ℃高温作用2 h后,硬化水泥浆体C-S-H整体结构疏松,水化产物连续相被分割为非连续相。     

碳纳米管改善水泥基材料性能的微观机理

碳纳米管由于其优异的性能,正迅速成为一种最有应用前景的纳米材料,对其改善水泥基复合材料的研究也成为纳米材料领域的热点。详细综述了碳纳米管通过纤维桥联、纤维拔出、网络填充改善水泥基复合材料性能的微观机理及研究进展,为其宏观性能提供了理论解释。