如何利用临床资料进行回顾性队列研究

临床病例资源丰富,但往往存在基线资料不全、非随机分组导致混杂因素多、失访率高等问题,限制了临床医生利用这些数据开展研究。采用限制、配对、分层、多因素分析、倾向性评分等多种方法可以克服已有临床病例资料的固有缺陷,从而得出可靠结论。本文从队列研究的设计、分析、论文撰写等方面阐述如何进行高质量的临床研究。     

Use of Strip-Strip-Block Design for Multi-Stage Processes to Reduce Costs of Experimentation

A strip-strip-block design is proposed for use in investigating the effects of factors, and their interactions, in three-stage industrial processes. Consideration is given, more generally, to the question of how to generate such designs, what theoretical properties they should have, and how to analyze the results of such designs. A case study is used as an illustration.     

Reply to Sprott.

Replies to comments by D. A. Sprott (see record 2005-09606-003) on the current author's original article (see record 1968-09688-001). The original purpose of the illustration was to show that analysis of covariance could leave a statistically significant residual treatment effect even though there was no treatment effect in the variate not predictable from the covariate. As to our statement that there is a "significant effect even when none was present," the context of the paragraph should make it clear that the word none refers to "no treatment effect in the variate not predictable from the covariate." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

解决故障征兆误判和混淆的典型互连诊断算法分析

为提高算法研究以及工程应用人员对现有算法的总体把控和算法选择的能力,在综述现有算法的基础上,找出3类最具代表性的互连诊断算法——基本算法、抗误判算法和对角独立算法;并给出该3类算法的抗误判和抗混淆能力结论:抗误判算法解决了故障征兆误判问题,对角独立算法可以大大地降低故障征兆混淆率,为故障诊断算法的选择寻找出了理论依据.     

具备对角独立性诊断算法误判和混淆分析

通过对具备对角独立性的诊断算法分析发现，以往关于对角独立性诊断算法对征兆误判和征兆混淆的结论是不正确的。引入“1”的位和“0”的位的概念，重新进行了误判和混淆的证明，最后综合W-O和W—A对角独立性的特点．给出了同时具备W-O和W—A对角独立性的诊断能力分析，表明该算法在测试时间不变的情况下，诊断能力增强了。     

Comment on Misuse of Covariance.

Responds to comments made by D. R. Harris, C. T. Bisbee, and S. H. Evans (see record 1971-09169-001) on the original article "Note on Evans and Anastasio on the Analysis of Covariance," by D. A. Sprott (see record 1970-09565-001), which corrected data in the article by S. H. Evans and L. J. Anastasio (see record 1968-09688-001). The purpose of the current author's note was to show that there is no substitute for thought. The analysis of covariance, even when treatment and covariate are correlated, can be useful and valid when in the hands of a scientist who knows his data, knows what he is doing, and is prepared to think about the interpretation of his analyses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于反事实学习及混淆因子建模的文章个性化推荐

如今,互联网推荐系统已经成为了一个热门话题,自动化推荐极大程度上方便了人们的生活,帮助人们从海量的信息当中寻找到最感兴趣的关键信息.互联网上每时每刻都在产生新的文章信息,已有的信息是一个非常庞大的数据集合,这些被记录的大量数据能够帮助统计出用户偏好以及文章内容的受欢迎程度.目前互联网上有许多种类的推荐系统,他们综合考虑了用户特征,文章特征.基于互联网各大社交媒体上的数据,现有的用户个性化推荐系统通过构建特定的模型对用户进行精准推荐.目前,推荐算法主要通过监督学习与在线学习的方法进行构建,但这些方法进行个性化推荐的时候往往忽略了一个问题：历史记录当中的推荐策略往往是部分观测数据,具有分布不平衡的劣势,通过现有的历史记录不能保证算法能够得到无偏的推荐结果,也不能适应线上的环境以及推荐策略变化.本文提出了一种基于反事实学习并考虑系统当中混淆因子的文章个性化推荐.这种方法有更强的理论保证,并且在实验结果当中也显示了比现有方法更加好的算法表现.     

When and why technology leadership enters the C-suite: An antecedents perspective on CIO presence

Building on the concept of dynamic managerial capabilities, we set out to advance scholarly understanding of the antecedents of the presence of technology leadership in the form of the chief information officer (CIO) in the top management team. We derive a holistic framework from the literature of dynamic capabilities and introduce into that literature the concept of adaptation pressures. We suggest that external and internal dimensions that pertain to information technology, comprising an environmental, structural, and strategic dimension, intensify the pressure on a firm to adapt. The pressure to adapt increases the likelihood that the firm will add a CIO to its top management team. In turn, the presence of a CIO can direct a firm toward exploration as a way to relieve the adaptation pressure. Results from regression analyses of a longitudinal data set covering 503 large U.S. firms from 2006 to 2017 confirm our hypotheses. This study contributes to the literature of both information systems and strategy by clarifying the antecedents of technology leadership in the C-suite and explicating how environmental, structural, and strategic factors can act as such antecedents. Moreover, this study reinforces the notion that IT leadership can induce strategic change.