Conditionals and conditional probability.

The authors report 3 experiments in which participants were invited to judge the probability of statements of the form if p then q given frequency information about the cases pq, p?q, ?pq, and ?p?q (where ? = not). Three hypotheses were compared: (a) that people equate the probability with that of the material conditional, 1 - P(p?q); (b) that people assign the conditional probability, P(q/p); and (c) that people assign the conjunctive probability P(pq). The experimental evidence allowed rejection of the 1st hypothesis but provided some support for the 2nd and 3rd hypotheses. Individual difference analyses showed that half of the participants used conditional probability and that most of the remaining participants used conjunctive probability as the basis of their judgments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fuzzy Multiobjective and Linear Programming Based Management Models for Optimal Land-Water-Crop System Planning

In this article, linear programming and fuzzy optimization models are developed for planning and management of available land-water-crop system of Mahanadi-Kathajodi delta in eastern India. The models are used to optimize the economic return, production and labour utilization, and to search the related cropping patterns and intensities with specified land, water, fertilizer and labour availability, and water use pattern constraints. Due to extreme backwardness of the study area, it has been decided to keep all the three objectives of the linear programming models at the same priority level to obtain the compromised solution in a fuzzy environment that incorporates the imprecision in fuzzy goals and fuzzy constraints. These non-structural models facilitate the conjunctive use of available surface water and groundwater resources. A comparative evaluation along with the benefit-cost ratios of the existing and proposed farming systems is also presented.     

基于交补集和Pignistic变换的证据组合方法

针对D-S证据组合公式及其改进公式的局限性,提出一种基于交补集权重和Pignistic概率变换的改进组合方法。基于交补集理论推导出新的基本概率分配函数,对交补集权重因子进行量化,得到基于交补集权重的证据组合公式,利用Pignistic概率变换法对已获得的各命题的信度值进行重新分配,以降低组合顺序对合成结果的影响,同时可获得更可靠的决策依据。实例分析结果表明,与其他改进方法相比,该组合方法在解决冲突证据、一票否决、鲁棒性、公平性和决策有效性等方面均有明显的优势。     

对加密电子医疗记录有效的连接关键词的搜索

随着云计算的发展,医院或医疗组织为了节省存储资源将加密的电子医疗记录的存储和管理外包给云服务器.尽管加密有助于保护用户数据的机密性,但是对加密的数据执行安全而有效的搜索是一个挑战性的问题.在这篇论文中,我们首先构造了被称为MCKS_I的简单的多域连接关键词搜索（MCKS）方案,该方案仅支持连接相等查询.为了实现更加灵活而复杂的多域关键词连接查询,例如子集查询和范围查询,我们又提出了被称为MCKS_II的提高方案.该方案利用了分层属性的矢量表示方法.这两个方案被证明能抵抗已知明文攻击.大量的分析和实验数据证明我们的方案是很实用的.     

地面水与地下水联合调度非线性模型的求解方法

本文采用试验选优方法的地面与水与地下水联合调度非线性模型进行求解，同近似规划相比可大大节省计算机运算时间，为复杂的大型了面水与地下水联合调度系统优化提供了一条新的途径，同样也为其他复杂的非线性模型求解提供了一个新的方法。     

双枝模糊逻辑(II)

在双枝模糊集基础上,通过对单枝模糊逻辑的合理扩展,建立了双枝模糊逻辑的框架。从双枝模糊命题入手,给出双枝模糊逻辑的性质和双枝模糊逻辑公式,以及双枝模糊逻辑的析取范式与合取范式。这些结果为研究双枝模糊推理和双枝模糊控制奠定了基础。     

命题逻辑中推理理论的数字形式

本文对简单合取式的主析取范式及简单析取式的主合取范式作了数字形式上的表示,在一定程度上简化了自然推理系统P.     

Learning Conjunctive Concepts in Structural Domains

We study the problem of learning conjunctive concepts from examples on structural domains like the blocks world. This class of concepts is formally defined, and it is shown that even for samples in which each example (positive or negative) is a two-object scene, it is NP-complete to determine if there is any concept in this class that is consistent with the sample. We demonstrate how this result affects the feasibility of Mitchell's version of space approach and how it shows that it is unlikely that this class of concepts is polynomially learnable from random examples alone in the PAC framework of Valiant. On the other hand, we show that for any fixed bound on the number of objects per scene, this class is polynomially learnable if, in addition to providing random examples, we allow the learning algorithm to make subset queries. In establishing this result, we calculate the capacity of the hypothesis space of conjunctive concepts in a structural domain and use a general theorem of Vapnik and Chervonenkis. This latter result can also be used to estimate a sample size sufficient for heuristic learning techniques that do not use queries.     

Management of stream compensation for a large conjunctive use scheme,Shropshire, UK

The Shropshire Groundwater Scheme (SGS) is the largest conjunctive use scheme in the United Kingdom. The SGS operates in drought periods, pumping water from the Permo‐Triassic Sandstone aquifer in Shropshire, England to regulate flows in the River Severn, alongside releases from conventional surface water reservoirs. This regulation protects the environment and increases the security of supply of major public water supply abstractions downstream. An important operational consideration is the impact SGS groundwater abstraction has on small streams that rise on the Shropshire Permo‐Triassic Sandstone. Compensation boreholes have been installed to maintain flows during and after the operation of the SGS. This paper shows how a groundwater model of the East Shropshire Permo‐Triassic Sandstone has been used to estimate the required level of compensation flows for recent climatic conditions to optimise the use of the SGS. The catchment wide conditions are included in this analysis by using the results of a large‐scale surface water model of the River Severn.     

Logical approximation II

 The paper continues a study of extensional formulas and their representation by normal forms. The notion of extensional formula is extended to the case when extensionality is considered with respect to a binary reflexive relation. It has been proved that extensional formulas can be represented by normal forms of infinite type and “approximated” by normal forms of finite type. All proofs are given formally in fuzzy predicate BL-logic.