梅雨季节制动鼓气孔的产生及预防措施

梅雨季节高温潮湿天气对冲天炉熔炼带来不利影响,导致铸件气孔缺陷增加。采用调整冲天炉风量和炉料比例,提高型(芯)砂透气性及加强炉前脱气处理等措施,取得了明显效果。     

磁流变体流变学特性研究

本文对所研制的矿物油价质和硅油介质磁流变体样品的零场粘度，磁流变性能，示功及速率特性进行了系统的测试和分析，并对其影响因素进行了详细的讨论.     

基于Stewart平台的空间对接动力学模拟的稳定性研究

在地面进行空间对接动力学的模拟实验是实现空间对接不可或缺的过程。本文利用Stewart平台实现由动力学方程解算得到的两航天器相对运动轨迹，提出用质量-弹簧-阻尼系统来研究空间两航天器对接动力学过程模拟中的稳定性问题。建立了基于Stewart平台位置内环的动力学回路系统模型，推导出为使模拟系统稳定的动力学参数之间的配置关系，论证了Stewart平台的频率特性与动力学系统谐振频率之间的关系。为空间对接动力学过程的模拟奠定了理论基础。     

基于DSP的数字倾角仪的设计与实现

为了能测量连续动态变化的倾角,需要提出一种动态性能良好的倾角仪;为了减小误差,采用数字信号进行测量;基于重力原理,属于摆式倾角仪,摆角由编码器转换为数字信号测量,用DSP处理数字信号;测量机架中采用磁阻尼原理能够使摆锤迅速稳定到平衡位置,具有良好的瞬态性能,实践结果表明,本倾角仪可测量±45°范围内的任意倾角,精度可达±0.07%,读数稳定时间在0.05s以内,本倾角仪量程大、精度高、线性好、抗干扰强、结构简单、读数快,能满足对连续变化角度测量的需要。     

山西省小浪底引黄工程地下泵站设计

小浪底引黄工程是山西省“十二五”大水网规划中的重点水利工程.文中简要地介绍了该工程地下泵站的设计规模、总体布置、调压井、岩壁吊车梁、电缆井、地下厂房的防渗、排水、防潮的设计思路和要点.     

安装阶段防止大型变压器绝缘受潮的措施

针对大型电力变压器在安装阶段出现的绝缘受潮问题,介绍变压器绝缘受潮的物理过程,提出了有效防止绝缘受潮的方法。     

补偿电网阻尼率及脱谐度的研究

本文从中性点位移电压、三相电压不平衡度以及残流的有功分量、无功分量等方面,分析了阻尼率和脱谐度对补偿电网运行特性的影响,给出了合理配置阻尼率和脱谐度的公式,认为采用非线性电阻将增大残流的有功分量,不利于电弧的熄灭;在保证残流小于规程允许范围内的前提下,适当增大脱谐度,可改善三相电压不平衡度,有利于补偿电网的运行。     

Failure analysis of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 photovoltaic modules: degradation mechanism of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells under harsh environmental conditions

High‐temperature‐induced and humidity‐induced degradation behaviors were investigated through the failure analysis of encapsulated Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) modules and non‐encapsulated CIGS cells. After being exposed to high temperature (85 °C) for 1000 h, the efficiency loss of CIGS modules and the resistivities of the aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) layer, CIGS layer, and Mo layer were slightly increased. After damp heat (DH) testing (85 °C/85% RH), the efficiency of some modules decreased significantly accompanied by discoloration, and in these areas, the resistivity of the AZO layers increased markedly. The causes of degradation of CIGS cells after high temperature and DH tests were suggested through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The high‐temperature‐induced degradation behaviors were revealed to be increases in series resistance of the CIGS cells, due to the adsorption of oxygen on the AZO, CIGS, and Mo layers. The degradation behavior after DH (85 °C/85% RH) exposure was caused by the adsorption of oxygen, as well as the generation of Zn(OH)₂ due to water molecules. In particular, the humidity‐induced degradation behavior in discolored CIGS modules was ascribed to the generation of Zn(OH)₂ and carboxylic acids in the AZO layer, due to a chemical reaction between the AZO, ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer, and water. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The impact of alkali elements on the degradation of CIGS solar cells

Unencapsulated CIGS solar cells with high and low contents of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were simultaneously exposed to damp heat and illumination. The solar cells with a high alkali (Na, K) content exhibited higher initial conversion efficiencies, but degraded severely within 100 h, while the alkali poor samples kept relatively stable performance under damp heat and illumination. The degradation of the samples with a high alkali content resulted in the formation of sodium rich spots on the top ZnO:Al surface of the samples. This is likely caused by light‐induced Na⁺ migration via the grain boundaries in the absorber to the depletion region, where the Na⁺ accumulated. This allowed subsequent Na⁺ transport through the depletion region due to the lowering of the internal electric field caused both by the Na⁺ accumulation and illumination. The migration resulted in the formation of shunt paths, which reduced the shunt resistance and open circuit voltage. Furthermore, ingression of water into the ZnO:Al is expected to be responsible for a slow but steady increase in series resistance for both high and low alkali solar cells. Additionally, sodium migration led to a severe increase of the series resistance in case of alkali rich samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

马钢竖炉球团润磨工艺优化试验研究

为了优化马钢竖炉球团润磨工艺参数,研究了润磨参数对球团过程的影响.试验结果表明,在马钢条件下,混合料适宜的润磨水分、润磨时间分别在5%～6%、10～12min,适宜的润磨比例在70%水平,适宜的预热、焙烧时间在15～18min;适宜的预热、焙烧温度分别在900℃～950℃、1200℃～1250℃.试验还表明,生球水分低于9.5%时,其爆裂温度均高于600℃.