高温水解-好氧接触氧化法处理油田污水的研究

针对油田采出废水温度高、可生化性差的特点,采用高温水解．好氧接触氧化工艺对油田采出废水进行了实验研究。结果表明：当原水COD浓度为200-350mg／L,水解温度为53℃,水解段与好氧段的HRT分别为16h、8h情况下,废水经处理后COD去除率可达到85％;废水经水解预处理后,可生化性有明显提高,为后续好氧生化处理奠定了良好的基础。该工艺适合作为油田污水的处理工艺。     

丝胶浸渍棉质非织造地膜的制备与表征

 将棉质半成品水刺非织造布浸渍于不同质量分数的废蚕丝制成的丝胶溶液中,通过二浸二轧工艺烘干定型,实现了可降解棉质非织造地膜的制备。通过灰色关联分析得出影响地膜强度的因素及其排序为:回潮率> 增重率> 丝胶质量分数;采用ESEM、红外光谱、降解率等方法进行理化性能表征,分析其降解前后性能差异。结果表明:浸渍涂层法中胶液质量分数为1 %时,其理化性能最佳,纵横向断裂强力分别为33 N、44 N ,回潮率为1018 %。     

Nutrient contents,rumen protein degradability and antinutritional factors in some colour- and white-flowering cultivars of Vicia faba beans

Six colour-flowering (Scirocco, Alfred, Carola, Condor, Tina and Herz Freya) and six white-flowering (Caspar, Albatros, Gloria, Tyrol, Vasco and Cresta) cultivars of Vicia faba were studied. The crude protein contents of colour- and white-flowering cultivars were 267±13·6 and 283±18·8 g kg⁻¹, respectively, which did not differ significantly at P<0·05. The levels of lipids, crude fibre, starch and ash varied from 14 to 22 g kg⁻¹, 88 to 143 g kg⁻¹, 407 to 485 g kg⁻¹ and 32 to 42 g kg⁻¹, respectively. The calculated organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) of the white-flowering cultivars were significantly higher (P<0·001) than those of the colour-flowering cultivars (OMD: 889·1±26·6 g kg⁻¹ vs 797·5±17·1 g kg⁻¹; ME: 13·97±0·49 vs 12·30±0·34 MJ kg⁻¹). In all cultivars, sulphur amino acids were lower than adequate concentration when compared with recommended amino acid pattern of FAO/WHO/UNO reference protein for a 2–5-year-old child. The in vitro rumen nitrogen degradability of colour-flowering cultivars was significantly lower (P<0·01) compared to that of white-flowering cultivars (71·4±9·3% vs 88·0±11·1%). Amongst colour-flowering varieties, the contents of total phenols (TP), tannins (T) and condensed tannins (CT) were highest in Alfred (28·3, 21·0 and 35·4 g kg⁻¹, respectively). The contents of TP and T were similar (about 15 and 10 g kg⁻¹, respectively) in Carola, Tina and Herz Freya, and the CT were in the order: Condor>Herz Freya>Carola. The CT were not detected in white-flowering varieties, T were virtually absent and TP were extremely low (4·0–4·9 g kg⁻¹). The activities of other antinutritional factors (white- and colour-flowering cultivars, respectively: trypsin inhibitor activity 3·05±0·34 and 1·85±0·09 mg trypsin inhibited g⁻¹; lectin 27·2±9·4 and 27·1±5·1 mg ml⁻¹ assay medium producing haemagglutination; phytate 15·0±2·7 and 16·6±2·3 g kg⁻¹) were very low. A strong negative correlation (r=-0·92, P<0·001) between tannins and in vitro rumen protein degradability was observed which suggested that tannins have adverse effect on protein degradability. Similarly negative correlations between tannin levels and metabolisable energy (r=-0·89; P<0·001) and organic matter digestibility (r=-0·89; P<0·001) were observed. The correlation coefficient between trypsin inhibitor activity and tannins was negative and highly significant (r=-0·88, P<0·001), whereas between tannins and saponins it was significantly positive (r=0·96, P<0·001). ©1997 SCI     

RSM法优化微波场下壳聚糖降解

采用响应曲面法分析了壳聚糖质量分数、pH值以及微波辐射时间对壳聚糖相对分子质量的影响,并建立了相应的预测模型.在微波功率为528 W时,壳聚糖质量分数、pH值及微波辐射时间对壳聚糖的相对分子质量有显著的影响.相对分子质量为1.00×10^4的低聚壳聚糖,模型优化所得的较优工艺参数：质量分数为4.55%,pH值为7.7,辐射时间为54.8 min,对应的相对分子质量试验值为9.75×10^3.通过验证证明,所得到的壳聚糖降解工艺参数是可行的,并得到一个能较好预测试验结果的模型方程.     

可降解淀粉微球的性能研究

以可溶性淀粉为原料,反相乳液聚合法合成可降解淀粉微球,并测定了它的粒度分布、红外光谱、降解性、载药性等.结果表明：可降解淀粉微球的平均粒径为15.423μm,94%分布在1～50 μm,8 h后被淀粉酶降解11.72%～24.58%,淀粉微球具有很好的可降解性.     

不同类型染料的缺氧生物降解性能研究

对24种常用染料在缺氧条件下的降解性能作了研究，探讨了不同类型、不同化学结构染料生物降解性的内在影响因素，得出了碱性染料和X型染料最易降解，K型染料次之，M型、KN型再次之。此外，染料的分子量、取代基数量、发色母体基团等也是影响染料缺氧生物降解性能的一个重要因素。     

可降解性高吸水树脂的研究进展

介绍了可降解高吸水树脂的分类(天然高吸水树脂、改性高吸水树脂、合成高吸水树脂)、制备方法(水溶液聚合法、反相悬浮聚合法、本体聚合法等)、可降解性能的改进方法(在合成高分子中引入易生物降解的化学键,以各种天然可降解的聚合物为原料来合成以改善其可降解性能、接枝或共混的方式)以及在不同领域里的应用,详细阐述了近年来可降解高吸水树脂的研究进展,并对其在今后的研究和开发提出了建议和展望。     

PBS/HNBR共混可降解橡胶的制备与性能

将聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）与氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）通过熔融共混的方法制备了可以降解的PBS/HNBR共混橡胶。利用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,分别对水解前后的PBS/HNBR共混橡胶的晶体结构、表面的微观形貌进行了表征。研究了不同的PBS/HNBR共混比对混炼胶的硫化特性、水解前后力学性能、降解性能的影响。结果表明:PBS与HNBR共混并未影响PBS的晶体结构,PBS能较均匀地分散在HNBR橡胶基体中。在150 ℃的强碱溶液条件下,PBS/HNBR共混橡胶出现了一定程度的降解,且随着PBS用量的增加,降解速率提高。当PBS用量为50 g时,共混橡胶的降解程度达到19.50%,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和硬度都有下降。     

热塑性淀粉/聚乙烯共混体系的研究进展

分析了近年来热塑性淀粉的研究现状,综述了热塑性淀粉(TPS)与聚乙烯(PE)共混体系的研究进展。归纳出淀粉含量、塑化剂、加工设备和方法以及PE和淀粉的种类等因素,特别是增容剂对共混体系微观形态、机械性能和降解性能的影响较大,并展望了TPS/PE共混体系今后的发展方向。