红外背景干扰研究

根据从许多地区收集来的录象磁带上的图象数据和大量红外图象数据，对红外背景图象内的干扰进行了研究。图象内的噪声是以象元电平为单位的均方根形成计算。图象经过空间滤波处理，对其内的干扰再进行计算。为获得关于红外背景图象的空间频率构成的信息，在滤波和非滤波两种状态下计算了图象的光谱密度，把计算出的干扰值输入数据库取出多组数据并绘图，确定参数量（如天气、背景类型和测量条件等）对干扰电平的影响。     

Experimental densities for compressed R134a

This paper reports densities of compressed R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) determined by using a contiuously weighed pycnometer at 20 K intervals between 180 and 380 K at pressures from slightly greater than the vapour pressure to 70 MPa. The results are accurate to within ±0.1%. Saturated liquid densities derived by extrapolation from the experimental values agree with other reported values to within ±0.3%.     

Extracting Electron Densities in N-Type GaAs From Raman Spectra: Theory

In this paper, we present the theory for calculating Raman line shapes as functions of the Fermi energy and finite temperatures in zinc blende, n-type GaAs for donor densities between 10¹⁶ cm⁻³ and 10¹⁹ cm⁻³. Compared to other theories, this theory is unique in two respects: 1) the many-body effects are treated self-consistently and 2) the theory is valid at room temperature for arbitrary values of the ratio R = (Q²/α), where Q is the magnitude of the normalized wave vector and α is the normalized frequency used in the Raman measurements. These calculations solve the charge neutrality equation self-consistently for a two-band model of GaAs at 300 K that includes the effects of high carrier concentrations and dopant densities on the perturbed densities of states used to calculate the Fermi energy as a function of temperature. The results are then applied to obtain the carrier concentrations from Fermi energies in the context of line shapes in Raman spectra due to the coupling between longitudinal optical phonons and plasmons. Raman measurements have been proposed as a non-destructive method for wafer acceptance tests of carrier density in semiconductor epilayers. The interpretation of Raman spectra to determine the majority electron density in n-type semiconductors requires an interdisciplinary effort involving experiments, theory, and computer-based simulations and visualizations of the theoretical calculations.     

Thermophysical Properties of Binary Mixtures of Methyl Methacrylate+Di-Ethers (Ethyl, Isopropyl, and Butyl) at 298.15 and 308.15 K

Experimental data for the densities, dynamic viscosities, sound speeds, and relative permittivities and for three binary systems of methyl methacrylate (MMA)+di-ethers (ethyl, isopropyl, and butyl) at 298.15 and 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure are reported. The mixture viscosities are correlated by Grunberg–Nissan, McAllister, and Auslander equations over the complete composition range. The sound speeds for the mixtures are also calculated by using free length and collision factor theories, and Nomoto and Junjie equations. From the measured primary properties, deviation functions such as deviations in viscosities, sound speeds, relative permittivities, molar polarizations, excess isentropic compressibilities, and molar electrical susceptibilities were calculated, and the compositional dependence of each of the functions was expressed with a Redlich–Kister type equation. The variation of the Kirkwood correlation factor was determined over the complete composition range.     

长期不同施肥对玉米田间杂草生物多样性的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了长期不同施肥对田间杂草总密度、优势杂草组成及生物多样性的影响。结果表明:综合施用N、P、K肥,不仅降低了田间杂草的总密度,降低了优势杂草在群落中的比重,而且有利于维持田间杂草的生物多样性;不施用N或P肥,田间杂草的总密度增大,优势杂草的比重也明显增强,但不利于维持田间杂草的生物多样性。所以,平衡施用N、P、K肥,有利于维持农田生态系统中的生物多样性,并能更好地进行杂草控制。     

一种基于模糊密度动态调节的融合目标识别方法

针对工程应用的需要,给出一种根据实时动态数据确定模糊密度调节系数的方法,并建立了基于模糊密度动态调节的融合目标识别算法.最后通过仿真实验给出了各种模糊积分用于目标融合识别时的识别结果,验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

Global optimum of microstructure parameters in the CMWP line-profile-analysis method by combining Marquardt-Levenberg and Monte-Carlo procedures

Line profile analysis of X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns is a powerful tool for determining the microstructure of crystalline materials. The Convolutional-Multiple-Whole-Profile (CMWP) procedure is based on physical profile functions for dislocations, domain size, stacking faults and twin boundaries. Order dependence, strain anisotropy, hkl dependent broadening of planar defects and peak shape are used to separate the effect of different lattice defect types. The Marquardt-Levenberg (ML) numerical optimization procedure has been used successfully to determine crystal defect types and densities. However, in more complex cases like hexagonal materials or multiple phases the ML procedure alone reveals uncertainties. In a new approach the ML and a Monte-Carlo statistical method are combined in an alternative manner. The new CMWP procedure eliminates uncertainties and provides globally optimized parameters of the microstructure.     

新疆库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中X70钢的缝隙腐蚀

以新疆库尔勒土壤模拟溶液为腐蚀介质(0.06 M Cl- 0.009 M SO2-4 0.001 7 M HCO3-),在阴极极化条件下,采用楔型缝隙模型研究了具有剥离涂层缺陷X70钢的缝隙腐蚀.楔型缝隙的一端封闭,另一开口端延伸到溶池(100 mm×100 mm×100 mm)的模拟溶液中.楔型缝隙的尺寸为深100 mm,宽45 mm,开口尺寸0.15～0.45 mm.将6条X70钢电极试样安装到缝隙中用以测定缝口不同距离处的局部电流密度、极化电位并监测试样的腐蚀状况.安装在缝隙上盖测量孔中的H 离子探头用于测量缝内的pH值.采用-0.85,-1.0和-1.15 V(相对于CSE)的阴极极化电位分别对缝口尺寸(δ)为 0.15,0.30和 0.45 mm的楔型缝隙进行阴极极化.试验结果表明,随着极化时间的延长,缝内局部电流密度和极化电位变得更为均匀,随着缝口控电位的降低以及缝口尺寸的增加,缝内的局部电流密度和pH值增加.缝口控电位相同时,从缝口到缝底的pH值先增加,然后达到一个较稳定的状态.缝口控电位越低以及缝口尺寸越大,pH值越易于达到稳定状态,且pH值开始增加的速率越小.     

Development of an experimentally validated semi-empirical fully-coupled performance model of a PEM electrolysis cell with a 3-D structured porous transport layer

A semi-empirical non-isothermal model incorporating coupled momentum, heat and mass transport phenomena for predicting the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis cell operating without flow channels is presented. Model input parameters such as electro-kinetics properties and mean pore size of the porous transport layer (PTL) were determined by rotating disc electrode and capillary flow porometry, respectively. This is the first report of a semi-empirical fully coupled model which allows one to quantify and investigate the effect of the gas phase and bubble coverage on PEM cell performance up to very high current densities of about 5 A/cm². The mass transport effects are discussed in terms of the operating conditions, design parameters and the microstructure of the PTL. The results show that, the operating temperature and pressure, and the inlet water flowrate and thickness of the PTL are the critical parameters for mitigating mass transport limitation at high current densities. The model presented here can serve as a tool for further development and scale-up effort in the area of PEM water electrolysis, and provide insight during the design stage.     

单分散SiO2胶体球制备及其胶体晶体组装

运用胶体化学法在乙醇介质中合成SiO2胶体球,将制得的样品在30℃下用双氧水浸泡处理48h.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-TR)、Zeta电位仪和标准氢氧化钠滴定法对其形貌、结构和表面电学性质进行分析.结果表明样品平均粒径为292nm,平均标准偏差小于5%;经双氧水浸泡处理后,SiO2胶体球表面羟基数目增多,在水溶液中的Zeta电位从-55.72mV提高到-63.26mV,表面电荷密度从0.19μC/cm2提高到0.28μC/cm2.通过垂直沉积法,在40℃和60%相对湿度条件下制备出有序性较好、密排结构的SiO2胶体晶体.在SEM下,观察到这种胶体晶体是面心立方(fcc)密排结构,其(111)晶面平行于基底.透射光谱表明,所制备的胶体晶体在(111)方向具有光子晶体的不完全带隙性质.