Access and the project manager

The role of the project manager has traditionally concentrated upon the execution of a project, from conception to completion. The commissioning and operation have been a secondary priority, for good reasons which are discussed in this paper. Nowhere has this been more true than in building construction, despite the fact that a building is a place where there is maximum interaction with people of all types. Some 10% of people worldwide are disabled, which prevents them from using buildings and facilities designed for able-bodied people. All this is changing rapidly. No longer should buildings be designed to be accessible only to the majority, nor should special arrangements be provided as an ‘extra’ for disabled people. Design philosophy is being impelled to provide for all building users. Great impetus was provided by the 1981 International Year of Disabled Persons, designated by the United Nations. In the UK, The Prince of Wales' Advisory Group on Disability and the Access Committee for England are influential and active organizations that are exerting a powerful influence for change. New building regulations are introducing a statutory imperative. The attention of project managers is drawn to what is happening in this area, and it is suggested that in their unique position they can influence the bridging of the gap between designers and building operators, to ensure that buildings can be used by all, and that nothing is overlooked at any stage. Legislation alone cannot solve the problem, and a change in attitude is necessary.     

政府主导的残疾人社会服务模式构建策略问题研究

由于国情不同,各国的残疾人服务模式也不相同,不同的残疾人服务模式具有不同的功能和绩效,所要解决的问题和侧重点等方面也有所不同,因此,应当根据一个国家的实际情况构建符合国情和残疾人发展实际的社会服务模式.我国现有的服务模式主要以福利为特征的政府创办的机构托养模式、以盈利为目的的社会创办的机构托养模式等.这些现有残疾人社会服务模式,存在数量少、条件差、收费较高,不能适应我国残疾人事业发展的要求.通过比较、演绎和归纳的研究方法,在借鉴和吸收国内外研究成果的基础上,得出应当构建适合我国国情的残疾人社会服务模式——政府主导的残疾人社会服务模式,并提出目标明确、任务细化、工作定量化,以政府为主导,政府、社会、家庭有机结合等具体的构建策略,对于有效解决我国现有残疾人服务模式存在的问题有着较好的理论与实践意义.     

残疾人呼叫系统研究与设计

呼叫系统的主要功能是残疾人的手持呼叫终端通过GPS从卫星获取坐标数据,将位置信息通过移动网络或短信发送至政府调度部门或其监护人手持设备中.其中监护人端设备将直接读取短信坐标并显示位置,同时提醒其进行救助,政府调度部门接收信号将与数据库比对从而对该残疾人提供针对性的帮助.     

与人文教育相结合的艺术设计教育

自进入21世纪以来,人文教育就越来越受到重视,尤其在某高校研究生虐熊事件后,人文教育开始被真正的提到高校教育改革议程上来,然而单单靠在高校增加一门课程是远远不够的,我们所要做的应该是让学生自发的形成正确的人生观和世界观。艺术设计专业有着不同于其它文理科的独特性,它是与人类生活密切相关的,这就使其享有了得天独厚的优势,所以人文教育完全可以融入到艺术设计教育的教学过程中来。这种融入并不是简单的穿插或被动的塞挤,而是全方位周全考虑的一种课后的主动思考与领悟。     

浅谈老年人卧室的无障碍设计

由于老年人生理上逐渐衰退,家庭生活对于老年人来说更加重要,卧室是居室空间中比较私密的空间,能够很好地满足老年人生理和心理的需求.老年人生活方式的特点,使卧室成为其居住空间的核心,所以老年人的卧室应营造温暖、舒适的气氛.为了达到这个目的,从老年人的生理和心理特点出发,结合室内设计的专业知识,运用室内设计的人体工程学原理分析老年人在居住空间中面临的各种问题,并提出相应的解决办法,从而设计出充满人性化的老年人卧室.     

Cognitive-Behavioral and Humanistic Group Treatment for Children With Learning Disabilities: A Comparison of Outcomes and Process.

The authors of this study examined the outcomes and processes of 2 types of group treatment--cognitive-behavioral treatment groups (CBTG) and humanistic group therapy (HGT)--offered to 200 elementary schoolchildren in a center for students with learning disabilities in Israel. Results indicated that the addition of either type of group treatment to individual academic assistance was more effective than the latter alone on most measures. In fact, on the majority of measures, group treatment without academic assistance was more effective than just individual assistance. Finally, HGT was more effective than CBTG on most measures. Most of the outcomes were sustained at follow-up, and some even increased from termination to follow-up, although effect sizes were quite low. Process measures included the Client Behavior System and the therapist Helping Skills System, which were measured at 5 points in time. Differences between the 2 treatment types were revealed on both process measures, including differences in the growth curve of these behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

确定厚壁圆筒初始屈服压力的一种实验方法

基于厚壁圆筒的弹性失效准则所确定的圆筒的初始屈服压力与材料的屈服极限的关系，设计了一种测定厚壁圆筒初始屈服压力的实验方法，并测得了一组实验数据。通过对该实验数据的分析得到了圆筒的初始屈服压力。该实验值与理论值误差较小，表明了该实验方法具有较好的可靠性。     

Sequencing mixed-model assembly lines operating with a heterogeneous workforce

We study the problem of sequencing mixed-model assembly lines operating with a heterogeneous workforce. The practical motivation for this study comes from the context of managing assembly lines in sheltered work centres for the disabled. We propose a general framework in which task execution times are both worker and model dependent. Within this framework, the problem is defined and mathematical mixed-integer models and heuristic procedures are proposed. These include a set of fast constructive heuristics, two local search procedures based on approximate measures using either a solution upper bound or the solution of a linear program and a GRASP metaheuristic. Computational tests with instances adapted from commonly used literature databases are used to validate the proposed approaches. These tests give insight on the quality of the different techniques, which prove to be very efficient both in terms of computational effort and solution quality when compared to other strategies such as a random sampling or the solution of the MIP models using a commercial solver.     

Mentoring students and professionals with disabilities.

Mentoring can have a significant positive impact on the lives of individuals. People with disabilities seeking to locate mentors face a variety of potential challenges and benefits. This article addresses mentoring-related issues faced by professionals with disabilities. The article presents a model of mentoring and discusses the difficulties faced by individuals with disabilities in locating mentors. It describes the negative impact of the lack of available mentors upon the educational and vocational development of people with disabilities. It offers effective strategies aimed at enhancing mentoring relationships with people with disabilities, including macrofocused strategies capable of enhancing the effectiveness of disability-related mentoring programs and microfocused strategies useful in developing quality mentoring relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects and perceived consequences of testing accommodations on math and science performance assessments.

The present study examined the effect accommodations have on test results of students with and without disabilities and documented experts’ judgments about the appropriateness of testing accommodations. Test score data were collected from 218 fourth-grade students with and without disabilities on mathematics and science performance tasks and from eight testing experts who evaluated the fairness and validity of a sample of testing accommodations used with these students. Results indicated that, for most students with disabilities and some students without disabilities, packages of testing accommodations had a moderate to large effect on performance task scores. Expert reviewers rated most accommodations for a student with disabilities as being both valid and fair, and they gave accommodations listed on a student’s individualized education program (IEP) significantly higher validity and fairness ratings than accommodations that were not listed on the student’s IEP. Interpretations of these data are provided and implications for practice and future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)