易逝品联合采购订货决策分析

采购联盟成员间的信息不完全,彼此均以对方的期望需求作为对方实际需求的估计.针对易逝品的特点,提出了调剂价格的特殊约束条件并建立了联盟期望利润模型,最后进行了数值仿真.研究表明:联合采购使联盟总体利润得到改善,但不能使联盟成员的利润都得到改善.     

Ergodicity of filtering process by vanishing discount approach

A new approach to study ergodicity of filtering processes is presented. It is based on the vanishing discount approach to discounted functional of filtering process. We show that limit superior of the Cesaro averages of the functionals is the same for all initial conditions from which the uniqueness of invariant measures of filtering processes follows. The approach is based on certain assumption for which we provide a sufficient condition using concavity arguments. In addition we show the existence of solutions to the Poisson equation corresponding to filtering process with concave functional. The assumptions are then extended to the controlled case and using similar concave arguments we obtain the existence of solutions to the Bellman equation corresponding to partially observed average cost per unit time problem.     

随机需求条件下三级供应链数量折扣协调策略

为了分析随机需求条件下三级供应链协调策略,考虑提前期内需求服从正态分布,建立由供应商、制造商和零售商所组成的三级供应链的数量折扣协调模型,并设计相应的算法对模型进行求解,得到实现供应链协调的各个成员的最优订单决策和库存决策.所建立的模型考虑制造商一方面可以从供应商处取得数量折扣,同时也向其下游的零售商提供数量折扣.最后结合具体算例对模型进行应用分析,并得出如下结论:在三级供应链中,制造商上游和下游同时考虑数量折扣策略能够降低供应链成本,与仅仅考虑两级供应链的数量折扣策略相比,其对供应链成本的降低幅度更大.     

水库移民长期补偿方式中经济性的若干影响因素分析

长期补偿方式是水库移民安置的一项重要创新,并正在一些地方水利水电建设工程中进行尝试。本文通过对比长期补偿方式与一次性补偿方式之间费用的差别,分析了补偿费用计算方法中各参数取值对长期补偿方式的总静态补偿费用和总补偿费用折现值的影响,并进一步讨论了敏感因子折现率和增长率的取值依据及其存在的问题,提出应尽快建立和完善长期补偿的相关政策,明确补偿标准和依据,以发挥这一创新机制的优越性,实现良性的、可持续的移民长期补偿。     

基于变折扣因子EWMA的混合产品批间控制方法

批间(run-to-run,简称R2R)控制现今已被广泛用于半导体生产行业.指数加权移动平均(exponet weighted moving average.EWMA)是R2R控制的一种重要算法.折扣因子是EWMA控制期的主要参数.本文在模型中考虑了实际生产过程中混合产品少量多样的特点,引入了基于产品的变折扣因子EWMA控制算法,解决了产品切换时制程输出收敛速度过慢的问题.变折扣因子的引入提高了制程输出的响应速率而并不影响制程输出的稳定性.对实际过程的模拟仿真检验了该控制算法的可行性和优越性.     

基于深度强化学习的动态装配算法

针对动态装配环境中存在的复杂、动态的噪声扰动,提出一种基于深度强化学习的动态装配算法。将一段时间内的接触力作为状态,通过长短时记忆网络进行运动特征提取;定义序列贴现因子,对之前时刻的分奖励进行加权得到当前时刻的奖励值;模型输出的动作为笛卡尔空间位移,使用逆运动学调整机器人到达期望位置。与此同时,提出一种对带有资格迹的时序差分算法改进的神经网络参数更新方法,可缩短模型训练时间。在实验部分,首先在圆孔–轴的简单环境中进行预训练,随后在真实场景下继续训练。实验证明提出的方法可以很好地适应动态装配任务中柔性、动态的装配环境。     

An efficient optimal algorithm for the quantity discount problem in material requirement planning

An optimal algorithm based on branch-and-bound approach is presented in this paper to determine lot sizes for a single item in material requirement planning environments with deterministic time-phased demand and constant ordering cost with zero lead time, where all-units discounts are available from vendors and backlog is not permitted. On the basis of the proven properties of optimal order policy, a tree-search procedure is presented to construct the sequence of optimal orders. Some useful fathom rules have been proven, which make the algorithm very efficient. To compare the performance of this algorithm with the other existing optimal algorithms, an experimental design with various environments has been developed. Experimental results show that the performance of our optimal algorithm is much better than the performance of other existing optimal algorithms. Considering computational time as the performance measure, this algorithm is considered the best among the existing optimal algorithms for real problems with large dimensions (i.e. large number of periods and discount levels).     

Discounted multi-item inventory model via genetic algorithm with Roulette wheel selection,arithmetic crossover and uniform mutation in constraints bounded domains

Genetic Algorithm (GA) with different logic structures for price breaks has been developed and implemented for a multi-item inventory control system of breakable items like the items made of glass, mud, porcelain, etc. with all unit discount (AUD), incremental quantity discount (IQD) and a combination of these discounts. Here, AUD and IQD on purchasing price with two price breaks are allowed. Also, demand and breakability of the items are stock-dependent. Shortages are not allowed. Replenishment is instantaneous. Selling price is a mark-up of the purchasing cost. For storage, warehouse capacity is limited. For the present model, GA has been developed in real code representation using Roulette wheel selection, arithmetic crossover and uniform mutation. This algorithm has been implemented successfully to find the optimum order quantities for the above inventory control system to achieve the maximum possible profit. The algorithm and the inventory model have been illustrated numerically and some sensitivity analyses with respect to breakability and demand are presented.     

Preventing user interface disasters

Abstract

This article defines a quantitative goal that is cheap to measure for the usability of a business application system for casual users. The article also describes a cost-effective method for attaining the goal. The goal is to eliminate all user interface disasters (UIDs) in a given system. UIDs are usability problems that seriously annoy users, or prevent them from accomplishing their work without help from a human being. The method consists of series of simple user tests without audio or video recording, and with little analysis after each user test. The article concludes by describing Baltica's results of applying the method to a medium-size business application for casual users.     

努力因素影响下的RS-MM契约协调模型研究

供应链成员的努力行为是影响市场需求的重要因素之一．作者研究了当市场需求受到努力因素影响下的由制造商、分销商和零售商组成的三级供应链协调的问题,首先在集中决策模式下得出了使得供应链协调时的最优产品订购数量和最优努力水平应满足的条件;然后针对三级供应链中的两个不同的交易过程,设计了一种RS-MM联合契约机制来协调供应链,即对制造商与分销商、分销商与零售商分别采取收益共享契约机制和价格补贴契约机制来协调供应链．为了鼓励零售商使得自身的最优努力水平达到供应链协调时的系统最优努力水平,在价格补贴契约中又引入了数量折扣契约．文章证明了只要制定合理的契约参数,Rs-MM联合契约能够使得供应链协调,实现供应链成员的三赢,最后用算例验证了这种联合契约的有效性．