鄱阳湖控制浅说

该控制工程主要效益是改变鄱阳湖“夏水冬陆”的现状，成为祖国名符其实的第一大淡水湖，水面与避署胜地庐山和历史名城南昌、景德镇等相连，改善沿湖环境，发展航运，增加水产，开发利用丰富的水资源和旅游资源使之与杭州西湖、瑞士日内瓦湖等并列为世界名湖。     

黄河下游游荡性河道整治方案研究

小浪底水库投入运用后，黄河下游水沙条件的变化，使游荡性河道整治出现了新情况，新问题。下一步治理应注意积极修建新布点工程，完成具有关键性导流作用的续建工程，确定适应新情况的设计治导线，积极开展新结构试验和观测研究。     

An integrated downstream processing strategy for the recovery and partial purification of penicillin acylase from crude media

An integrated process strategy for the recovery of penicillin acylase was developed, based on precipitation of non‐enzymatic proteins directly from Escherichia coli homogenates or crude extracts using Rolquat (quaternary ammonium salt) and adsorption of the enzyme on Amp‐Seph (3.8 µmole ampicillin cm^?3) under pseudo‐affinity conditions. The effect of pH, concentrations of ammonium sulfate and Rolquat, and also concentrations of protein and cell debris on the precipitation of non‐enzymatic proteins from homogenates and crude extracts of penicillin acylase were analysed. The method of addition of Rolquat to homogenates and crude extracts significantly influenced the size of the precipitated particles. Improved results on the specific activity of penicillin acylase were obtained for 22% and 1% (w/v) of ammonium sulfate and Rolquat, respectively, added sequentially to enzyme solutions and at room temperature. Under these experimental conditions, the specific activity of penicillin acylase in homogenates and crude extracts was enhanced 2.5–3.0‐fold. Finally, the integrated process strategy was implemented first by precipitation of non‐enzymatic proteins and recovery of penicillin acylase directly from the enzyme solution treated with Rolquat using an adsorption/filtration system with an overall yield of 86%. This system allows simultaneously the filtration of cell debris and fine precipitated particles, in situ recovery of penicillin acylase by its adsorption on Amp‐Seph, and selective desorption of the enzyme with a specific activity of 11 IU (mg prot)^?1 and a desorption yield of 95%. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

中国聚氯乙烯下游应用现状及发展趋势

介绍了当前中国聚氯乙烯行业下游总体运行状况,并从PVC管道、异型材、地板、木塑墙板、软质膜等聚氯乙烯下游产品阐述了下游制品发展现状及特点。     

Eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5n-3) from the marine microalgaPhaeodactylum tricornutum

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20∶5n-3) was obtained from the marine microalgaePhaeodactylum tricornutum by a three-step process: fatty acid extraction by direct saponification of biomass, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration by formation of urea inclusion compounds, and EPA isolation by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alternatively, EPA was obtained by a similar two-step process without the PUFA concentration step by the urea method. Direct saponification of biomass was carried out with two solvents that contained KOH for lipid saponification. An increase in yield was obtained because the problems associated with emulsion formation were avoided by separating the biomass from the soap solution before adding hexane for extraction of insaponifiables. The most efficient solvent, ethanol (96%) at 60°C for 1 h, extracted 98.3% of EPA. PUFA were concentrated by the urea method with a urea/fatty acid ratio of 4∶1 at a crystallization temperature of 28°C and by using methanol and ethanol as urea solvents. An EPA concentration ratio of 1.73 (55.2∶31.9) and a recover yield of 78.6% were obtained with methanol as the urea solvent. This PUFA concentrate was used to obtain 93.4% pure EPA by semipreparative HPLC with a reverse-phase, C₁₈, 10 mm i.d.×25-cm column and methanol/water (1% acetic acid), 80∶20 w/w, as the mobile phase. Eighty-five percent of EPA loaded was recovered, and 65.7% of EPA present inP. tricornutum biomass was recovered in highly pure form by this three-step downstream process. Alternatively, 93.6% pure EPA was isolated from the fatty acid extract (without the PUFA concentration step) with 100% EPA recovery yield. This two-step process increases the overall EPA yield to 98.3%, but it is only possible to obtain 20% as much EPA as that obtained by three-step downstream processing.     

一种线性时间复杂度的高效路由保护方法

如何高效快速地应对网络中的故障是设计路由协议的基本要求和主要任务。由于动态路由协议在应对网络中的故障时,在协议动态收敛的过程中将会有大量的报文被丢弃。因此,目前路由器厂商普遍采用路由保护方法来克服网络故障,在众多的路由保护方法中,DC（downstream criterion）规则是一种被普遍认可的方法。然而,已有的实现 DC规则算法的时间复杂度普遍较高,并且复杂度随着网络节点平均度的增加而迅速增加。为了应对上述问题,提出一种线性时间复杂度的高效路由保护方案ERPLR（an efficient routing protection method with linear time complexity）,该方法首先提出了备份下一跳计算规则,然后在已有最短路径树的基础上,根据备份下一跳计算规则为所有的源目的节点对计算备份下一跳。在计算备份下一跳的过程中,每个节点和其邻居最多被访问一次,因此ERPLR的时间复杂度为O（V+E）。实验结果表明,与已有的实现DC规则相比较,ERPLR在故障保护率和路径拉伸度两个度量指标结果相似的情况下,在真实网络拓扑和模拟拓扑中,ERPLR分别降低了大约74.93%和78.91%的计算开销,该方法可以极大地降低DC规则的计算开销。     

甲醇工业发展方向及应用分析

介绍了甲醇的几种重要的下游产品,如甲醛、甲酸甲酯、甲胺等,提出应大力生产和发展甲醇下游产品,并进一步拓宽甲醇的应用领域,加快甲醇应用新技术的开发工作。     

基于中位数众数理论的Tennant法改进与应用

在河流生态径流计算中Tennant法应用比较广泛,但其多年平均流量的确定一直是该方法应用的一个难点,以往使用的平均数有时并不能准确反映总体分布的集中趋势,针对这一问题,通过研究实测数据的统计特性,引入中位数及众数理论,对原Tennant法进行改进,有效的去除了极端数据对统计规律的影响,找出了典型流量过程。将其应用在滦河下游生态径流计算中,通过新老方法的比较,认为采用改进后的计算方法得到的结果更加科学合理。该方法具有原理简单、计算过程“透明”等特点,对河流生态环境研究和水资源合理利用具有指导意义。     

弧形短导航墙对船闸下游引航道内水流结构的影响

通过物理模型试验,结合理论分析,研究了在不同下游水深条件下,直导航墙长度L变化对船闸下游引航道保护长度的影响,并在此基础上研究了增设弧形短导航墙对水流结构的调整与影响。物理模型试验研究表明:直导航墙长度的增加有利于改善船闸引航道口门区的通航条件,但在达到一定长度之后,再增加直导航墙长度对引航道口门区水流结构的改善效果减弱;弧形短导航墙对改善下游引航道保护区域内水流结构有很好的效果,选用较小纵向参数a和较大横向参数b效果更好,但张角不宜过大。